新時代中國的周邊外交政策展望
Outlook on China’s Foreign Policy on Its Neighborhood in the New Era
前言
Preface
中國與周邊國家山水相連，人文相通，利益相融，命運(yùn)與共。雙方逾千年的友好交往歷史就是一部生動的文明交流互鑒史，充分展示了“貫四時而不衰，歷夷險而益固”的友好情誼。
China and its neighboring countries enjoy geographical proximity, cultural affinity?and?integrated interests with?a shared?future. The millennium-old friendly exchanges between the two sides are a vivid history?of?exchanges and mutual learning?among civilizations. Such friendly bonds are best captured by?the?Chinese saying:?“true friendship weathers the changing seasons without fading?away?and is made even stronger by?hardships.”
周邊是中國安身立命之所，發(fā)展繁榮之基。作為亞洲大家庭一員和負(fù)責(zé)任大國，中國高度重視周邊外交，始終將周邊置于外交全局首要位置，始終致力于促進(jìn)地區(qū)和平穩(wěn)定與發(fā)展繁榮。
The neighborhood?is where?China?survives and thrives?and the foundation of its development and prosperity. As a member of the Asian family and a responsible major country, China attaches great importance to neighborhood diplomacy, always prioritizes the neighborhood on its diplomatic agenda, and remains?committed to promoting regional peace, stability, development and prosperity.
《新時代中國的周邊外交政策展望》基于對亞洲當(dāng)前形勢和未來趨勢的評估及看法，全面闡述中國周邊外交的實(shí)踐成果、政策理念和目標(biāo)，宣示中國將堅持走和平發(fā)展道路，以自身發(fā)展促進(jìn)周邊發(fā)展，同地區(qū)國家共同推進(jìn)現(xiàn)代化進(jìn)程，共同構(gòu)建周邊命運(yùn)共同體，攜手繪就和平安寧、繁榮美麗、友好共生的新時代亞洲愿景。
Outlook on?China’s Foreign?Policy on Its Neighborhood?in the New Era,?based on the assessment and overview?of the current situation?and future trends?in Asia, comprehensively outlines the?achievements, policies, visions?and objectives of China’s neighborhood diplomacy, and declares China’s commitment?to the path of peaceful development, to promoting development of the neighborhood through its own development, to working?with regional countries to?advance?modernization,?to jointly building a community with a shared future among neighboring countries and to realizing the vision?of a?peaceful, secure, prosperous, beautiful, amicable and harmonious Asia?in the new era.
一、亞洲面臨新的機(jī)遇和挑戰(zhàn)
I. Asia Faces New Opportunities and Challenges
中共中央總書記、國家主席習(xí)近平在中國共產(chǎn)黨二十大報告中指出，世界之變、時代之變、歷史之變正以前所未有的方式展開，世界又一次站在歷史的十字路口。亞洲置身世界百年未有之大變局，站在邁向發(fā)展振興的新起點(diǎn)，面臨前所未有的機(jī)遇和挑戰(zhàn)。
In the?Report to the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China (CPC), Xi Jinping, General Secretary of the CPC Central Committee and Chinese President,?pointed?out that changes of our world, our times, and of historical significance?are unfolding?in ways like never before. The world has once again reached a crossroads in history. Asia,?amidst the changes unseen in a century, stands?at a new starting point towards development and revitalization?and?faces?unprecedented opportunities and challenges.
亞洲地廣物豐，人口眾多，文化多元，發(fā)展多樣，過去幾十年總體保持穩(wěn)定，地區(qū)國家之間政治互信不斷增強(qiáng)，合作交流日益深化。正是得益于此，亞洲僅用40年左右的時間實(shí)現(xiàn)了經(jīng)濟(jì)總量占世界比重的翻倍，實(shí)現(xiàn)了從低收入到中等收入的飛躍，形成合作發(fā)展和快速崛起勢頭。近年來，亞洲作為拉動世界經(jīng)濟(jì)復(fù)蘇和增長的重要引擎，對世界經(jīng)濟(jì)增長貢獻(xiàn)率超過50%。亞洲是全球最富活力和潛力的地區(qū)，將持續(xù)成為全球發(fā)展繁榮的熱土。
Asia,?with its?vast land and abundant?resources,?is home to a large population with diverse cultures?and?development. It?has remained generally stable in the past few decades.?Regional countries have?enjoyed growing political mutual trust and ever deepening cooperation and exchanges. As a result,?Asia has doubled?its?share of the world economy, made the leap from a region of low income to one of middle income, and formed a momentum of cooperation, development and rapid rise?in a short span of 40 years. In recent years, Asia, as an important engine driving global?economic recovery and growth, has contributed more than 50?percent?to global?growth. Asia is the most dynamic region with the biggest development potential in the world and will remain?a promising land for?global development and prosperity.
同時，全球治理失序，冷戰(zhàn)思維回潮，單邊主義、保護(hù)主義、霸權(quán)主義橫行，能源、糧食、金融、產(chǎn)供鏈、氣候變化等多重風(fēng)險對亞洲影響日益突出。亞洲也面臨經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展不平衡、安全和治理問題突出等挑戰(zhàn)。一些國家加緊構(gòu)建地區(qū)軍事同盟，朝鮮半島問題復(fù)雜難解，阿富汗重建挑戰(zhàn)重重，恐怖主義、自然災(zāi)害等非傳統(tǒng)安全威脅猶存。
Meanwhile, global governance?is in dysfunction;?Cold War mentality is resurfacing;?unilateralism,?protectionism and hegemonism run?rampant;?multiple risks in such fields as energy, food, finance,?industrial?and supply chains and?climate change are having greater impact on Asia. Asia also faces challenges such as uneven economic growth, and pronounced security and governance issues. Some countries have intensified?efforts to build regional military alliances;?the Korean Peninsula issue remains complicated and intractable;?Afghanistan?faces numerous challenges in its?reconstruction;?terrorism, natural disasters and other non-traditional security threats persist.
圍繞亞洲的前途，出現(xiàn)了兩種截然不同的主張和走向。一種是堅持開放的區(qū)域主義，維護(hù)真正的多邊主義。堅持發(fā)展優(yōu)先，致力互利合作，堅持開放包容，推進(jìn)融合發(fā)展，實(shí)現(xiàn)和合共生。另一種是重拾冷戰(zhàn)思維，再搞封閉式集團(tuán)，推行價值觀劃線，將經(jīng)濟(jì)問題政治化，將地區(qū)安全陣營化，鼓動分裂、制造對抗。
There are two opposite?propositions and?trends?concerning the future of Asia. One advocates open regionalism, true multilateralism,?a development-first approach, mutually beneficial cooperation, openness and inclusiveness, integrated development, and pursuit of common development in harmony. The other represents?a relapse into the Cold War mentality?and exclusive clubs, and attempts to draw lines based on?values,?politicize economic issues, divide the region into different security?blocs, and stoke?division and confrontation.
凡益之道，與時偕行。亞洲的正確抉擇應(yīng)該是開放而不是封閉，是團(tuán)結(jié)而不是分裂，是合作而不是對抗，是公道而不是霸道，是共生而不是零和，這不僅關(guān)乎地區(qū)各國的未來前景，也將從根本上長遠(yuǎn)影響亞洲乃至世界的前途命運(yùn)。構(gòu)建人類命運(yùn)共同體是共創(chuàng)繁榮美好的亞洲和世界的必由之路。
Good principles keep abreast of the times. The right choice for Asia should be openness, solidarity, cooperation, justice and harmony rather than isolation, division, confrontation, hegemony and zero-sum?approach. This not only hinges on?the future prospects of countries in the region, but?will also have a fundamental?and far-reaching bearing on?the future?of Asia and the world. Building a community with a shared future?for mankind?is the sure path?to a prosperous and better Asia and the world.
二、中國同周邊國家關(guān)系發(fā)展不斷取得重大成果
II. Significant Progress Made in China’s Relations with Its Neighbors
過去半個多世紀(jì)，亞洲走出積貧積弱、動蕩戰(zhàn)亂，成功走向和平穩(wěn)定、發(fā)展繁榮，這主要得益于地區(qū)國家堅持獨(dú)立自主、聯(lián)合自強(qiáng)，堅持相互尊重、包容互鑒，堅持互惠互利、合作共贏。在此過程中，中國同亞洲國家共同倡導(dǎo)和平共處五項原則，弘揚(yáng)團(tuán)結(jié)、友誼、合作的萬隆精神，不斷推動睦鄰友好和互利合作向前發(fā)展。2012年中國共產(chǎn)黨第十八次全國代表大會召開以來，中國同周邊國家關(guān)系加快提質(zhì)升級，取得豐碩成果。
Over the past half century and more, Asia, once plagued by?poverty, weakness, turbulence and wars,?has progressed successfully toward?peace, stability, development, and prosperity. This is mainly accredited to the commitment of regional countries to independence,?unity for strength,?mutual respect, inclusiveness,?mutual learning,?mutual benefit and win-win cooperation. In this?process, China and fellow?Asian countries have jointly advocated the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence, carried forward the Bandung Spirit of solidarity, friendship and cooperation, and kept advancing?good-neighborliness?and mutually beneficial cooperation. Since the 18th?National Congress of the CPC?in 2012, China’s relations with neighboring countries have been upgraded at a faster pace and produced fruitful results.
政治互信不斷增強(qiáng)。截至本文件發(fā)布之日，中國已同周邊28國①和東盟建立形式多樣、內(nèi)涵豐富的伙伴關(guān)系、合作關(guān)系或戰(zhàn)略互惠關(guān)系。中國同巴基斯坦、老撾、柬埔寨、緬甸、印度尼西亞、哈薩克斯坦、塔吉克斯坦、烏茲別克斯坦、泰國、蒙古國、土庫曼斯坦、馬來西亞、吉爾吉斯斯坦等國達(dá)成構(gòu)建命運(yùn)共同體共識，同湄公河五國②確定共建瀾湄國家命運(yùn)共同體，同中亞五國③宣布打造中國—中亞命運(yùn)共同體。中國與12個陸地鄰國④通過談判解決了歷史遺留的邊界問題，同周邊9個國家⑤簽署了睦鄰友好合作條約。中國簽署并批準(zhǔn)《中亞無核武器區(qū)條約》議定書，尊重蒙古國的無核武器地位，率先加入《東南亞友好合作條約》，對隨時簽署《東南亞無核武器區(qū)條約》議定書作好了充分準(zhǔn)備。
Political mutual trust has been growing. As of the date of this document’s release, China has established diverse and substantive partnerships, cooperative relations?and strategic relations of mutual benefit with 28 neighboring countries①and ASEAN. China has reached common understandings with Pakistan, Laos, Cambodia, Myanmar, Indonesia, Kazakhstan, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, Thailand,?Mongolia,?Turkmenistan, Malaysia and Kyrgyzstan on building a community with a shared future, and has agreed with the five Mekong countries②to build a community with a shared future among Lancang-Mekong countries, and announced with the five Central Asian?countries③the decision to build?a China-Central Asia?community with a shared future. China has resolved historical boundary issues with 12 neighbors?on land④through negotiations?and signed the treaties?of good-neighborliness and friendly cooperation with nine?neighboring countries⑤.China has signed and ratified the Protocol to the Treaty on a?Nuclear-Weapon-Free Zone?in Central Asia, respects Mongolia’s nuclear-weapon-free status, became the first to join?the Treaty of Amity and Cooperation in Southeast Asia?and is fully prepared?to sign the Protocol to the Southeast?Asia?Nuclear-Weapon-Free Zone?Treaty?at any time.
互利共贏合作深化。中國是周邊18國⑥的最大貿(mào)易伙伴，2022年中國與周邊國家進(jìn)出口商品總額突破2.17萬億美元，較2012年增長78%。中國同東盟雙向投資額累計超過3800億美元。中國率先批準(zhǔn)《區(qū)域全面經(jīng)濟(jì)伙伴關(guān)系協(xié)定》并推動協(xié)定生效實(shí)施，為促進(jìn)區(qū)域經(jīng)濟(jì)一體化賦能增效。
Mutual benefits keep deepening. China is the largest trading partner of 18 neighboring countries⑥. In 2022, China’s trade in goods with?neighboring countries exceeded?USD 2.17 trillion, up by?78?percent from?2012. The two-way investment between China and ASEAN has exceeded?USD 380 billion?in cumulative terms. China took the lead in ratifying the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP) and worked for its entry into force and implementation, enabling and enhancing regional economic integration.
“一帶一路”惠利周邊。中國秉持共商共建共享原則，堅持開放、綠色、廉潔理念，努力實(shí)現(xiàn)高標(biāo)準(zhǔn)、可持續(xù)、惠民生目標(biāo)，同周邊24國⑦簽署共建“一帶一路”合作文件，同東盟、歐亞經(jīng)濟(jì)聯(lián)盟等合作規(guī)劃對接。倡導(dǎo)建立亞洲基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施投資銀行，設(shè)立絲路基金，為基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施項目建設(shè)提供資金支持。在各方共同努力下，“六廊六路多國多港”的互聯(lián)互通架構(gòu)基本形成，“一帶一路”合作碩果累累，有力促進(jìn)當(dāng)?shù)亟?jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展、民生改善，為地區(qū)經(jīng)濟(jì)復(fù)蘇注入強(qiáng)勁動力。
The Belt and Road Initiative?(BRI)?has delivered benefits to the neighborhood. China upholds the principle of planning together,?building together and benefiting together, stays committed to the philosophy?of open, green and clean?cooperation, strives to achieve high-standard, sustainable and people-centered cooperation. China has?signed Belt and Road cooperation documents with 24 neighboring countries⑦, and worked to synergize the BRI with cooperation plans of?ASEAN and the Eurasian Economic Union.?China has initiated the establishment of the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank and the Silk Road Fund to provide financial support for infrastructure projects. Thanks to the joint efforts of all parties, a general connectivity framework consisting of six corridors, six connectivity routes and multiple countries and ports has been put in place.?The fruitful Belt and Road cooperation has spurred economic growth?and improved people’s lives in relevant countries?and has injected strong impetus into economic recovery in the region.
區(qū)域合作走深走實(shí)。中國與周邊國家共同創(chuàng)立的上海合作組織已發(fā)展成為世界上幅員最廣、人口最多的綜合性區(qū)域合作組織。中國與中亞五國建立中國—中亞機(jī)制，成為推進(jìn)六國深度合作的重要平臺。瀾湄合作是次區(qū)域互利合作的成功實(shí)踐，瀾湄流域經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展帶正在形成。中國堅持開放包容的精神，積極參與以東盟為中心的東亞合作機(jī)制、中日韓合作、亞太經(jīng)合組織等多邊合作，促進(jìn)了地區(qū)融合發(fā)展和人民福祉。
Regional cooperation has grown in depth and substance. The Shanghai Cooperation Organization?(SCO),?co-founded by China and neighboring countries, has become a comprehensive regional organization with the largest geographical?coverage and population.?The China-Central Asia mechanism established by China and the five Central Asian countries has emerged as an important platform for?in-depth cooperation between the six countries. Lancang-Mekong Cooperation is a success story of mutually beneficial cooperation in the sub-region, and the Lancang-Mekong Cooperation Economic Development Belt is taking shape. In a spirit of?openness?and inclusiveness, China?actively participates?in multilateral cooperation, including the ASEAN-centered East Asia cooperation mechanism, China-Japan-ROK cooperation, and?Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation?(APEC), contributing to the region’s?integrated development and people’s well-being.
有效管控?zé)狳c(diǎn)問題。中國為推動政治解決地區(qū)熱點(diǎn)問題積極貢獻(xiàn)中國智慧，提出并踐行中國特色熱點(diǎn)問題解決之道。在朝鮮半島問題上，著眼維護(hù)半島和平穩(wěn)定并實(shí)現(xiàn)長治久安，創(chuàng)造性提出“雙暫停”倡議和“雙軌并進(jìn)”思路，堅持政治解決方向，積極勸和促談。在阿富汗問題上，搭建阿富汗鄰國協(xié)調(diào)合作機(jī)制，重啟中阿巴三方外長對話，提出幫助阿富汗重建發(fā)展的《屯溪倡議》，匯聚各方合力。在緬甸問題上，促推各方彌合分歧，恢復(fù)國家社會穩(wěn)定，盡快啟動政治對話。
Hotspot issues have been effectively managed and?controlled. China has contributed solutions to political settlement of regional hotspot issues, and proposed and put into action?the?Chinese approach to addressing hotspot issues. On the Korean Peninsula issue, for the sake of?peace, stability, and lasting security on the Peninsula, China has put forward the innovative “suspension-for-suspension” proposal and the dual-track approach,?stayed committed to?political settlement?and actively facilitated?peace talks. On Afghanistan, China has?established?a mechanism for coordination and cooperation among Afghanistan’s neighbors, relaunched?the?China-Afghanistan-Pakistan?Foreign Ministers’?Dialogue, and issued the Tunxi Initiative on helping?Afghanistan with?reconstruction and development, building synergy among various parties. On Myanmar, China has?encouraged the parties to bridge differences, restore?social stability?in the country, and launch political dialogue?as quickly as possible.
有力應(yīng)對風(fēng)險挑戰(zhàn)。中國與周邊國家同舟共濟(jì)，攜手應(yīng)對恐怖主義、分裂主義、地區(qū)金融危機(jī)等挑戰(zhàn)。新冠疫情發(fā)生以來，中國與周邊國家同心抗疫，共克時艱，生動詮釋了命運(yùn)共同體精神，為全球團(tuán)結(jié)抗疫發(fā)揮引領(lǐng)作用。
Risks and challenges have been addressed effectively. China and neighboring countries have worked together in tackling such?challenges as terrorism, separatism and financial crisis?in the region. Since COVID-19 broke out, China and neighboring countries have come?together to overcome difficulties, which reflects the spirit of a community with a shared future and provided leadership for?global solidarity against the pandemic.
亞洲取得今天的進(jìn)步和成就是中國和周邊國家共同努力的結(jié)果，值得倍加珍惜。中國的發(fā)展離不開和平穩(wěn)定的周邊環(huán)境，中國同周邊的發(fā)展相互促進(jìn)、相得益彰。中國的發(fā)展將給亞洲各國帶來重大機(jī)遇和長期利好，將為亞洲的和平與發(fā)展作出更大貢獻(xiàn)。
The?remarkable progress?made in Asia?is attributable to the joint efforts of?China and?neighboring countries,?and?need to?be cherished. China’s development would not be possible without a peaceful and stable neighboring?environment. The development of China and that of neighboring countries?complement and reinforce each other. China’s development will bring?major?opportunities and?long-term benefits to countries across Asia, and will make even greater contributions to?peace and development?in the region.
三、新時代的中國周邊外交理念主張
III. Concepts and Propositions of China’s Neighborhood Diplomacy in the New Era
習(xí)近平總書記在中國共產(chǎn)黨二十大報告中強(qiáng)調(diào)，“中國始終堅持維護(hù)世界和平、促進(jìn)共同發(fā)展的外交政策宗旨，致力于推動構(gòu)建人類命運(yùn)共同體”。中國將在習(xí)近平外交思想指引下，保持周邊外交政策延續(xù)性和穩(wěn)定性，繼續(xù)奉行與鄰為善、以鄰為伴方針，踐行親誠惠容理念。堅持親仁善鄰、講信修睦；堅持以誠相待、守望相助；堅持互惠互利、合作共贏；堅持包容互鑒、求同存異。努力使中國同周邊政治關(guān)系更加友好、經(jīng)濟(jì)紐帶更加牢固、安全合作更加深化、人文聯(lián)系更加緊密，深入推進(jìn)周邊命運(yùn)共同體建設(shè)。
In the Report to the 20th CPC National Congress, General Secretary Xi Jinping underscored?that “China has always been committed to its foreign policy goals of upholding world peace and promoting common development, and it is dedicated to promoting a community with a shared future?for mankind”. Under the guidance of Xi Jinping Thought on Diplomacy, China will maintain the continuity and stability of its?neighborhood diplomacy, adhere to the policy of developing friendship and partnership with neighbors,?and act on?the principle of amity, sincerity, mutual benefit and inclusiveness.?China?is committed to?good neighborliness, good faith?and amity; believes in sincerity and mutual assistance;?pursues mutual benefit and win-win cooperation; advocates?inclusiveness?and mutual learning, and seeks?common ground while?shelving differences.?China will endeavor to further the?political relations, strengthen the economic bonds, deepen security cooperation and foster even closer cultural ties?with neighboring countries, in a bid to?further advance?the building of a community with a shared future among neighboring countries.
中國將推動構(gòu)建新型國際關(guān)系，同地區(qū)國家共同深化平等、開放、合作的伙伴關(guān)系。中國堅定維護(hù)自身主權(quán)、安全和發(fā)展利益，尊重各國主權(quán)和領(lǐng)土完整，尊重各國人民自主選擇的發(fā)展道路和社會制度，不干涉他國內(nèi)政。堅持大小國家一律平等，促進(jìn)“全球南方”團(tuán)結(jié)與合作，維護(hù)發(fā)展中國家共同利益，增強(qiáng)新興市場國家和發(fā)展中國家在全球事務(wù)中的代表性和發(fā)言權(quán)。促進(jìn)大國協(xié)調(diào)和良性互動，推動構(gòu)建和平共處、總體穩(wěn)定、均衡發(fā)展的大國關(guān)系格局。中美應(yīng)在相互尊重、和平共處、合作共贏基礎(chǔ)上，在亞太實(shí)現(xiàn)良性互動，為地區(qū)穩(wěn)定發(fā)展提供正能量。
China will foster a new type of international relations, and work with regional countries to?deepen partnerships featuring?equality, openness and cooperation. China firmly?defends its?sovereignty, security and development interests,?respects?the sovereignty and territorial integrity of all countries, respects?the?development path?and social system?chosen independently by?the?people of each?country, and does not interfere in other countries’?internal affairs. China?upholds equality between countries regardless of their size, promotes the unity and cooperation of the Global South, upholds the common interests?of developing countries, and works to raise?the representation and voice?of emerging markets and developing countries?in global affairs. China promotes?coordination and sound interactions among major countries, and pursues major-country relationships?that feature?peaceful coexistence, overall stability and balanced development. China and the United States should, on the basis of mutual respect, peaceful coexistence and win-win cooperation,?engage?in sound?interactions in the Asia-Pacific?and contribute positive energy?to regional stability?and development.
中國將堅持平等互利、合作共贏原則，同地區(qū)國家共同推進(jìn)現(xiàn)代化進(jìn)程。中國式現(xiàn)代化為廣大發(fā)展中國家探索現(xiàn)代化道路提供了全新選擇。中國將在堅定維護(hù)地區(qū)和平與發(fā)展中謀求自身發(fā)展，不斷以中國新發(fā)展為周邊提供新機(jī)遇，同周邊國家共走開放發(fā)展、合作發(fā)展、共贏發(fā)展之路。
China will?stay committed to the principle of?equality, mutual benefit and win-win cooperation, and work with regional countries to advance modernization. Chinese modernization provides a?new choice for developing countries to explore their modernization?pathways. China will?seek to develop itself while safeguarding?regional?peace and development, keep?creating?new opportunities for neighboring countries with China’s new?development, and follow?a path of open, cooperative and win-win development together with neighboring countries.
中國將堅持共同、綜合、合作、可持續(xù)的安全觀，同地區(qū)國家共同維護(hù)地區(qū)和平穩(wěn)定。摒棄冷戰(zhàn)思維，反對單邊主義，不搞集團(tuán)政治和陣營對抗。堅持重視各國合理安全關(guān)切，秉持安全不可分割原則，構(gòu)建均衡、有效、可持續(xù)的安全架構(gòu)，同地區(qū)國家走出一條對話而不對抗、結(jié)伴而不結(jié)盟、共贏而非零和的新型安全之路。
China will stay committed to the vision of common, comprehensive, cooperative and sustainable security, and work with regional countries to maintain regional peace and stability. China rejects?the Cold War mentality, unilateralism,?group politics and bloc confrontation. China attaches importance to the legitimate security concerns of all countries, upholds?the principle of indivisible security, seeks to build?a balanced, effective and sustainable security architecture, and follows?a new path to security that features dialogue over confrontation, partnership over alliance,?and win-win over zero-sum together with regional countries.
中國將堅定維護(hù)以聯(lián)合國為核心的國際體系、以國際法為基礎(chǔ)的國際秩序、以聯(lián)合國憲章宗旨和原則為基礎(chǔ)的國際關(guān)系基本準(zhǔn)則。堅持開放的區(qū)域主義，踐行真正的多邊主義，同周邊國家共同構(gòu)建以和平、合作、包容、融合為核心的亞洲價值觀，促進(jìn)亞洲團(tuán)結(jié)和發(fā)展振興。倡導(dǎo)不同文明包容共存、交流互鑒，和而不同、多元共生，倡導(dǎo)相互尊重、協(xié)商一致的亞洲方式，踐行和衷共濟(jì)、守望相助的亞洲傳統(tǒng)。堅定支持東盟在區(qū)域架構(gòu)中的中心地位，不斷增進(jìn)同包括東盟在內(nèi)的周邊國家利益交融和民心相通。
China will firmly uphold the international system with the United Nations?at its core, the international order underpinned by international law,?and the basic norms governing international relations based on the purposes and principles of the UN Charter. China upholds open regionalism, practices?true multilateralism, and works?with neighboring countries to foster Asian values centered on?peace, cooperation, inclusiveness and integration?and promote?the?unity, development and revitalization of?Asia. China advocates inclusiveness, coexistence, exchanges and mutual learning among different civilizations?that pursue harmony without uniformity and?live together?in diversity, as well as the Asian Way of mutual respect and consensus?building.?China upholds Asia’s tradition of solidarity and mutual assistance. We firmly support?ASEAN centrality in the regional architecture, and constantly work with ASEAN countries?and other neighboring countries to deepen?converging?interests and forge a strong bond among the peoples.
中國將堅定不移推進(jìn)祖國統(tǒng)一大業(yè)，堅決反對任何形式的“臺獨(dú)”分裂活動，堅決維護(hù)國家主權(quán)和領(lǐng)土完整。我們贊賞亞洲各國堅持和恪守一個中國原則。維護(hù)一個中國原則的態(tài)度越鮮明,遏制分裂勢力的措施越有力，臺海和平穩(wěn)定就越有可能,地區(qū)和平繁榮就越有保障。
China will?resolutely take forward the endeavor of?national reunification, firmly oppose?“Taiwan independence” separatist activities in any form, and firmly safeguard national sovereignty and territorial integrity. We appreciate?Asian countries’ commitment to the one-China principle. The more unequivocal we are on?upholding the one-China principle?and the more forceful our measures are to forestall separation, the greater possibility there?is to ensure peace and stability across the Taiwan Strait and?uphold?peace and prosperity in the region.
講信修睦、親仁善鄰是中華文明一貫的處世之道。中國過去是、現(xiàn)在是、將來也永遠(yuǎn)是地區(qū)國家的好鄰居、好朋友、好伙伴，將始終做維護(hù)和平穩(wěn)定、促進(jìn)發(fā)展繁榮的中流砥柱。
When China engages with the world, it all along values good faith?and good?neighborliness. China was, is,?and will always be a good neighbor, good friend and good partner of regional countries, and will always be a major force?underpinning peace, stability, development and prosperity.
四、新時代“亞洲世紀(jì)”新愿景
IV. A New Vision for the “Asian Century” in the New Era
今天的亞洲，和平穩(wěn)定是大勢所趨，發(fā)展繁榮是民心所向。中國同地區(qū)國家身處同一個大陸、同一片海洋，我們生于斯、長于斯，同地區(qū)國家一榮俱榮，一損俱損，誰也離不開誰。我們愿同地區(qū)各國齊心協(xié)力，攜手同進(jìn)，共建和平安寧、繁榮美麗、友好共生的亞洲大家園。
In today’s Asia, peace and stability reflect the?overwhelming?trend, and development and prosperity?represent the aspiration of the people. China and regional countries share the same continent and the same ocean. Living and thriving here together, we share a common destiny and future. China will work with regional countries in solidarity?to?build a?peaceful, secure, prosperous, beautiful, amicable and harmonious?Asian home.
共建和平安寧家園。和平、和睦、和諧是亞洲國家為人類社會貢獻(xiàn)的重大文明成果。我們主張堅持和平共處理念，守住和平穩(wěn)定底線，重視各國合理安全關(guān)切，攜手應(yīng)對破壞和平的威脅。中國愿同周邊鄰國長期友好，求同存異，聚同化異，堅持以和平方式解決國家間的分歧和爭端，共同維護(hù)地區(qū)持久和平。無論發(fā)展到什么程度，中國永遠(yuǎn)不稱霸，永遠(yuǎn)不搞擴(kuò)張。中國將繼續(xù)同東盟國家全面有效落實(shí)《南海各方行為宣言》，積極推進(jìn)并完成“南海行為準(zhǔn)則”磋商，同南海當(dāng)事國通過對話協(xié)商妥處海上矛盾分歧，加強(qiáng)海上合作，深化互信安全，推動共同開發(fā)，致力于將南海建設(shè)成為和平之海、友誼之海、合作之海。
We need to jointly build a?peaceful and secure home. The concept?of peace, amity and harmony is Asian countries’ remarkable contribution to human civilization. It is important to uphold?peaceful coexistence, defend the?red line of peace and stability, attach importance to?the legitimate security concerns of all countries,?and jointly respond to threats that undermine peace. China hopes?to work with neighboring countries to cultivate long-term good-neighborliness and friendship, expand common ground?while?shelving and resolving differences, address?differences and?disputes?between countries peacefully,?and jointly safeguard enduring?peace in the region. No matter what stage of development it reaches, China will never seek hegemony or expansion. China will continue to work?with ASEAN countries to?fully?and effectively?implement?the Declaration on the Conduct of Parties in the South China Sea (DOC)?and?actively advance consultations?and conclusion of a?Code of Conduct in the South China Sea (COC), and work with parties concerned in the South China Sea?to properly address maritime?disagreements?and differences through dialogue. We need to strengthen?maritime cooperation, deepen mutual trust and security, and promote joint development, in an effort to make the South China Sea a sea of peace, friendship and cooperation.
中國愿同地區(qū)國家一道，統(tǒng)籌治理地區(qū)安全事務(wù)。加強(qiáng)經(jīng)濟(jì)金融安全合作，深化宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)政策協(xié)調(diào)，增強(qiáng)區(qū)域金融穩(wěn)定。推進(jìn)反恐、去極端化、打擊跨國犯罪等領(lǐng)域合作，加強(qiáng)核設(shè)施、網(wǎng)絡(luò)、外空、極地等領(lǐng)域安全合作。提升區(qū)域公共衛(wèi)生安全治理能力，增強(qiáng)生物安全、危險傳染病防治、醫(yī)療物資、疫苗藥物技術(shù)等領(lǐng)域合作。加強(qiáng)糧食能源安全合作，確保產(chǎn)供鏈安全穩(wěn)定。
China?will?work with regional countries to manage regional security affairs with a coordinated approach. We need to?enhance economic and financial security cooperation, deepen macroeconomic policy coordination,?and bolster regional financial stability. It is important to advance cooperation in such fields as counterterrorism, deradicalization?and fighting cross-border crimes, and enhance security cooperation?on?nuclear facilities, cyberspace, outer space and polar?regions. We need to?enhance the region’s?capacity in?public health security governance, and strengthen cooperation in?biosecurity, prevention and treatment of dangerous communicable?diseases, medical supplies,?and?vaccine and pharmaceutical?technologies.?Cooperation on food and energy security?needs to be enhanced to ensure?the?safety and stability of?production and supply chains.
共建繁榮美麗家園。中國將繼續(xù)堅定奉行開放發(fā)展、互利共贏戰(zhàn)略，提高貿(mào)易和投資自由化便利化水平，深化區(qū)域經(jīng)濟(jì)一體化，推動亞洲形成更加開放的大市場。中國將進(jìn)一步擴(kuò)大同地區(qū)國家貿(mào)易規(guī)模，增加自周邊國家進(jìn)口，提升通關(guān)便利化水平。繼續(xù)推進(jìn)加入《全面與進(jìn)步跨太平洋伙伴關(guān)系協(xié)定》和《數(shù)字經(jīng)濟(jì)伙伴關(guān)系協(xié)定》，愿同更多地區(qū)國家商簽高標(biāo)準(zhǔn)自貿(mào)協(xié)定，完善區(qū)域自貿(mào)網(wǎng)絡(luò)，打造共同大市場。推動共建“一帶一路”高質(zhì)量發(fā)展，優(yōu)先推進(jìn)同鄰國鐵路、公路等聯(lián)通走廊項目，加快國際陸海貿(mào)易新通道建設(shè)。我們要加緊推進(jìn)中國東盟自貿(mào)區(qū)3.0版建設(shè)，實(shí)施好《區(qū)域全面經(jīng)濟(jì)伙伴關(guān)系協(xié)定》并適時擴(kuò)大成員、推動升級。維護(hù)產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈供應(yīng)鏈穩(wěn)定暢通，保持合作開放與包容。大力發(fā)展數(shù)字經(jīng)濟(jì)，在人工智能、生物醫(yī)藥、現(xiàn)代能源等領(lǐng)域加強(qiáng)交流合作，使科技創(chuàng)新成果更好造福周邊各國人民。
We need to jointly build a?prosperous and beautiful home. China will continue to firmly pursue the strategy of?openness,?development and mutual benefit, raise?the level of trade and investment facilitation and liberalization, deepen regional economic integration,?and build a more open Asian big market. China will further expand?trade with regional countries, increase imports from neighboring countries,?and improve customs clearance facilitation. China will continue to promote the process of joining the Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership?(CPTPP)?and the Digital Economy Partnership Agreement?(DEPA). China stands ready?to negotiate high-standard free trade agreements with more regional countries, improve the?regional free trade network, and build a common big?market. To promote?high-quality Belt and Road cooperation, China will give priority to?connectivity corridor projects of railways?and highways with neighboring countries, and accelerate the development?of?the New International Land-Sea Trade Corridor. We?need to speed up development of the China-ASEAN Free Trade Agreement?3.0, effectively implement?RCEP and work for its expansion and upgrading in?due course. It is important to?maintain the stable and smooth operation of industrial and supply chains to underpin open and inclusive cooperation. We need to?vigorously develop the digital economy, strengthen exchange?and cooperation in artificial intelligence, bio-medicine, modern energy and other fields, and translate?scientific and technological innovation achievements into greater benefits?to?the?people of regional?countries.
中國愿同地區(qū)國家一道，堅持綠色發(fā)展理念，加快形成綠色發(fā)展方式，以創(chuàng)新為驅(qū)動，大力推進(jìn)經(jīng)濟(jì)、能源、產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)轉(zhuǎn)型升級，努力平衡減排和發(fā)展的關(guān)系，構(gòu)建經(jīng)濟(jì)與環(huán)境協(xié)同共進(jìn)的亞洲家園。堅持共同但有區(qū)別的責(zé)任原則，加強(qiáng)應(yīng)對氣候變化合作。中國愿在實(shí)現(xiàn)碳達(dá)峰碳中和的進(jìn)程中，同周邊國家互學(xué)互鑒、互利共贏，加強(qiáng)綠色金融和綠色投資合作，為地區(qū)低碳可持續(xù)發(fā)展提供支撐。構(gòu)建藍(lán)色經(jīng)濟(jì)伙伴關(guān)系，促進(jìn)海洋可持續(xù)發(fā)展。
China stands ready to work with regional countries to pursue?green development and?green growth model, drive economic growth with innovation, transform and upgrade?economic, energy and industrial structures,?and strike a fine balance?between emission reduction and economic growth, in a bid to build an Asian?home enjoying the concerted?progress of economic growth and environmental progress. It is important to?uphold the principle of common but differentiated responsibilities?and strengthen climate cooperation. In the process of achieving carbon peaking and carbon neutrality, China?stands ready?to promote mutual learning and mutual benefit?with neighboring countries, strengthen?cooperation in green finance and green investment, and support?low-carbon,?sustainable development in the region. Efforts should be made?to build a blue economic partnership and promote?the?sustainable development of the ocean.
共建友好共生家園。我們主張相互尊重、平等相待，推動不同文明交流對話、包容互鑒。從綿延數(shù)千年的亞洲歷史文明中汲取養(yǎng)分，凝聚對亞洲價值、亞洲方式、亞洲傳統(tǒng)的集體認(rèn)同，拓展地區(qū)人文交流合作，夯實(shí)睦鄰友好民意基礎(chǔ)。采取更多便利人員往來舉措。加強(qiáng)職業(yè)教育、高等教育、學(xué)歷互認(rèn)等合作，面向周邊國家增加中國政府獎學(xué)金、各類高校和專業(yè)獎學(xué)金名額，為留學(xué)生往來提供便利條件。繼續(xù)推進(jìn)文化、藝術(shù)、青年、旅游、地方、媒體、智庫、民間團(tuán)體等領(lǐng)域交流，加強(qiáng)亞洲文體產(chǎn)業(yè)合作。
We need to jointly build an?amicable and harmonious?home. We?uphold?mutual respect and equality?in promoting?exchanges, dialogue, inclusiveness and mutual learning among civilizations. It is important to?extract nutrients from the millennia-long?Asian?civilization, to help forge the?collective identity of the Asian value, way and tradition, expand people-to-people exchanges and cooperation?in the region, and cement popular support for?good-neighborliness. More measures need to be introduced to facilitate traveling. China will strengthen cooperation in vocational education, higher education and mutual recognition of educational certificates,?provide more government?scholarships and scholarships for various universities and majors for neighboring countries, and facilitate the traveling?of international?students. We will continue to promote exchanges in the fields of culture, arts, youth, tourism, localities, media, think tanks and non-governmental?organizations, and strengthen?cooperation on Asia’s cultural and sports industry.
中國愿同地區(qū)國家一道，依托聯(lián)通、發(fā)展、安全和人文四大支柱，聚焦政治、經(jīng)貿(mào)、科技、安全、人文、全球性挑戰(zhàn)六大領(lǐng)域，構(gòu)建理念有共鳴、發(fā)展共規(guī)劃、成果共分享、安全共維護(hù)、責(zé)任共擔(dān)當(dāng)?shù)闹苓吤\(yùn)共同體。共同打造高質(zhì)量共建“一帶一路”示范區(qū)，深化基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施“硬聯(lián)通”和規(guī)則標(biāo)準(zhǔn)“軟聯(lián)通”。共同打造全球發(fā)展倡議先行區(qū)，建設(shè)更加平等均衡普惠的發(fā)展伙伴關(guān)系。共同打造全球安全倡議實(shí)驗(yàn)區(qū)，走共建共享共贏的亞洲安全之路。共同打造全球文明倡議首善區(qū)，持續(xù)擴(kuò)大人文交流，促進(jìn)文明交流互鑒、和合共生。
China stands ready to work with neighboring countries to,?relying?on the four pillars of connectivity, development, security and people-to-people exchanges and focusing?on the six cooperation areas of the political sector, economy and trade, science?and technology, security,?people-to-people exchanges?and global challenges, work for?a community with a shared future among?neighboring countries?that features?shared concepts, plans, benefits, security and responsibilities. We need to jointly?build a demonstration area of high-quality?Belt and Road?cooperation, and deepen “physical connectivity” of infrastructure and “institutional?connectivity” of rules and standards. We will work together to build?Global Development Initiative pilot zone featuring more equitable, balanced and inclusive development partnership, Global Security Initiative pilot zone featuring an Asian pathway of security defined by planning together, building together and benefiting together,?and Global Civilization Initiative pilot zone that boosts people-to-people exchanges and the mutual learning, harmonious coexistence of civilizations.
中國將積極參與東亞合作、中國—中亞機(jī)制、上海合作組織、金磚國家合作機(jī)制、亞太經(jīng)合組織、亞洲相互協(xié)作與信任措施會議等多邊機(jī)制和組織，加強(qiáng)同太平洋島國論壇、環(huán)印度洋聯(lián)盟等區(qū)域性組織對話合作，共同促進(jìn)亞洲—太平洋—印度洋地區(qū)的聯(lián)通、穩(wěn)定與發(fā)展。
China will take an active part?in?East Asia?cooperation, China-Central Asia?mechanism,?SCO, BRICS, APEC, Conference on Interaction and Confidence Building Measures in Asia?(CICA)?and other multilateral mechanisms and organizations, and strengthen dialogue and cooperation with the Pacific Islands Forum, Indian?Ocean Rim Association and other regional organizations, in a bid to jointly?promote the connectivity, stability and development of Asia, Pacific?Ocean and Indian?Ocean regions.
結(jié)束語
Conclusion
亞洲前景可期、振興當(dāng)時。習(xí)近平主席指出，亞洲好世界才能更好。我們要把亞洲發(fā)展好、建設(shè)好，展現(xiàn)亞洲的韌性、智慧、力量，打造世界的和平穩(wěn)定錨、增長動力源、合作新高地。
Asia?is poised for?promising?prospects and revitalization. As President Xi Jinping pointed out, when Asia fares well, the whole world benefits. In this spirit, we need to?work for sound progress and development in Asia, demonstrate?Asia’s?resilience, wisdom and strength, and make Asia an anchor for world peace, a powerhouse for global growth and a new pacesetter for international cooperation.
同一個亞洲，同一個命運(yùn)。我們同處一個充滿挑戰(zhàn)、也充滿希望的時代。前所未有的機(jī)遇和挑戰(zhàn)更需要各國開展前所未有的團(tuán)結(jié)與協(xié)作。只有各國行天下之大道，和睦相處、合作共贏，繁榮才能持久、安全才有保障。
One Asia, one future. We are all in?an era?full of both challenges and hope. Unprecedented opportunities and challenges require?countries to work together in unprecedented solidarity and coordination. Only when all countries pursue the cause of common good, live in harmony and engage in win-win cooperation, will there be sustained prosperity and guaranteed security.
中國正在全面建設(shè)社會主義現(xiàn)代化國家，努力實(shí)現(xiàn)中華民族偉大復(fù)興的中國夢，愿一如既往支持和幫助地區(qū)各國人民追求幸福美好生活，攜手實(shí)現(xiàn)持久和平、共同發(fā)展的亞洲夢，共同構(gòu)建周邊命運(yùn)共同體！
China is now building a modern socialist country in all respects and striving to realize the Chinese Dream of national rejuvenation. In this process, China stands ready as always to?support?the efforts of people in the region?to pursue a happy life,?and work hand in hand with regional countries to realize the Asian?dream?of lasting peace and common development, and?build?a?community with a shared future?among neighboring countries.
①同中國建立伙伴關(guān)系、合作關(guān)系或戰(zhàn)略互惠關(guān)系的28國為阿富汗、巴基斯坦、朝鮮、東帝汶、俄羅斯、菲律賓、哈薩克斯坦、韓國、吉爾吉斯斯坦、柬埔寨、老撾、馬爾代夫、馬來西亞、蒙古國、孟加拉國、緬甸、尼泊爾、日本、斯里蘭卡、塔吉克斯坦、泰國、土庫曼斯坦、文萊、烏茲別克斯坦、新加坡、印度、印度尼西亞、越南。
①The 28 countries that have established partnerships, cooperative relations or strategic relations of mutual benefit with China are Afghanistan, Pakistan, the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea, Timor-Leste, Russia, the Philippines, Kazakhstan, the Republic of Korea, Kyrgyzstan, Cambodia, Laos, Maldives, Malaysia, Mongolia, Bangladesh, Myanmar, Nepal, Japan, Sri Lanka, Tajikistan, Thailand, Turkmenistan, Brunei, Uzbekistan, Singapore, India, Indonesia and Viet Nam.
②湄公河五國分別為柬埔寨、老撾、緬甸、泰國、越南。
②The five Mekong countries are Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar, Thailand and Viet Nam.
③中亞五國分別為哈薩克斯坦、吉爾吉斯斯坦、塔吉克斯坦、土庫曼斯坦、烏茲別克斯坦。
③The five Central Asian countries are Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan.
④與中國通過談判解決歷史遺留邊界問題的12個陸地鄰國是朝鮮、俄羅斯、蒙古國、哈薩克斯坦、吉爾吉斯斯坦、塔吉克斯坦、阿富汗、巴基斯坦、尼泊爾、緬甸、老撾、越南。
④The 12 land neighbors that have resolved the boundary issues with China through negotiations are: the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea, Russia, Mongolia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Afghanistan, Pakistan, Nepal, Myanmar, Laos and Viet Nam.
⑤同中國簽署睦鄰友好合作條約的9國分別為阿富汗、巴基斯坦、朝鮮、俄羅斯、哈薩克斯坦、蒙古國、塔吉克斯坦、土庫曼斯坦、烏茲別克斯坦。
⑤The nine neighboring countries that have signed treaties of good-neighborliness and friendly cooperation with China are Afghanistan, Pakistan, the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea, Russia, Kazakhstan, Mongolia, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan.
⑥中國是最大貿(mào)易伙伴的周邊18國為巴基斯坦、朝鮮、俄羅斯、菲律賓、韓國、吉爾吉斯斯坦、柬埔寨、馬來西亞、蒙古國、孟加拉國、緬甸、日本、泰國、土庫曼斯坦、烏茲別克斯坦、新加坡、印度尼西亞、越南。
⑥The 18 neighboring countries whose largest trading partner is China are Pakistan, the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea, Russia, the Philippines, the Republic of Korea, Kyrgyzstan, Cambodia, Malaysia, Mongolia, Bangladesh, Myanmar, Japan, Thailand, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Singapore, Indonesia and Viet Nam.
⑦同中國簽署共建“一帶一路”合作文件的周邊24國分別為阿富汗、東帝汶、俄羅斯、菲律賓、韓國、哈薩克斯坦、老撾、柬埔寨、吉爾吉斯斯坦、蒙古國、馬來西亞、緬甸、文萊、巴基斯坦、斯里蘭卡、孟加拉國、尼泊爾、馬爾代夫、新加坡、塔吉克斯坦、泰國、烏茲別克斯坦、印度尼西亞、越南。
⑦The 24 neighboring countries that have signed Belt and Road cooperation documents with China are Afghanistan, Timor-Leste, Russia, the Philippines, the Republic of Korea, Kazakhstan, Laos, Cambodia, Kyrgyzstan, Mongolia, Malaysia, Myanmar, Brunei, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Bangladesh, Nepal, Maldives, Singapore, Tajikistan, Thailand, Uzbekistan, Indonesia and Viet Nam.
