關(guān)于阿富汗問題的中國立場
China’s Position on the Afghan Issue
中國和阿富汗山水相連，兩國人民的友誼源遠(yuǎn)流長。當(dāng)前形勢下，中國對阿富汗問題有如下立場：
China and Afghanistan are close neighbors with longstanding friendship between the two peoples. Under the current situation, China’s position on the Afghan issue is as follows:
一、堅持“三個尊重”“三個從不”。中方尊重阿富汗獨立、主權(quán)和領(lǐng)土完整，尊重阿富汗人民做出的自主選擇，尊重阿富汗的宗教信仰和民族習(xí)慣。中方從不干涉阿富汗內(nèi)政，從不在阿富汗謀求私利，從不尋求所謂勢力范圍。
1. Adhering to the “Three Respects” and “Three Nevers”. China respects the independence, sovereignty and territorial integrity of Afghanistan, respects the independent choices made by the Afghan people, and respects the religious beliefs and national customs of Afghanistan. China never interferes in Afghanistan’s internal affairs, never seeks selfish interests in Afghanistan, and never pursues so-called sphere of influence.
二、支持阿富汗溫和穩(wěn)健施政。中方真誠期待阿富汗構(gòu)建開放包容的政治架構(gòu)，奉行溫和穩(wěn)健的內(nèi)外政策，同各國尤其是鄰國友好交往。希望阿富汗臨時政府保護(hù)包括婦女兒童、少數(shù)族裔在內(nèi)的全體阿富汗人民基本權(quán)益，繼續(xù)朝著符合阿富汗人民利益和國際社會期待的方向做出積極努力。
2. Supporting moderate and prudent governance in Afghanistan. China sincerely hopes that Afghanistan could build an open and inclusive political structure, adopt moderate and prudent domestic and foreign policies, and engage in friendly exchanges with all countries especially neighboring countries. We hope the Afghan Interim Government will protect the basic rights and interests of all Afghan people, including women, children and all ethnic groups, and continue working actively to meet Afghan people’s interests and the international community’s expectations.
三、支持阿富汗和平重建。中方將繼續(xù)為阿富汗重建發(fā)展提供力所能及幫助，與阿富汗規(guī)劃落實好各項援助承諾，穩(wěn)步推進(jìn)經(jīng)貿(mào)投資合作，積極開展醫(yī)療、扶貧、農(nóng)業(yè)、防災(zāi)減災(zāi)等領(lǐng)域合作，幫助阿富汗早日實現(xiàn)自主和可持續(xù)發(fā)展。中方歡迎阿富汗參與共建“一帶一路”，支持阿富汗融入地區(qū)經(jīng)濟合作和互聯(lián)互通，從“陸鎖國”變?yōu)椤瓣懧?lián)國”。
3. Supporting peace and reconstruction of Afghanistan. China will continue to do its best to help Afghanistan with reconstruction and development, make plans with Afghanistan and fulfill its assistance pledges, promote steady progress in economic, trade and investment cooperation, and actively carry out cooperation in such fields as medical care, poverty alleviation, agriculture, and disaster prevention and mitigation, so as to help Afghanistan realize independent and sustainable development at an early date. China welcomes Afghanistan’s participation in Belt and Road cooperation and supports Afghanistan’s integration into regional economic cooperation and connectivity that will transform Afghanistan from a “l(fā)and-locked country” to a “l(fā)and-linked country”.
四、支持阿富汗堅決有力打恐。安全是發(fā)展的基礎(chǔ)和前提。“東伊運”是被聯(lián)合國安理會列名和中國政府依法認(rèn)定的恐怖組織，盤踞在阿富汗的“東伊運”勢力對中阿兩國和地區(qū)安全構(gòu)成嚴(yán)重威脅。中方希望阿富汗切實履行承諾，采取更為有效的措施，更加堅決地打擊包括“東伊運”在內(nèi)的一切恐怖勢力，切實保護(hù)包括中方在內(nèi)的各國在阿富汗公民、機構(gòu)和項目安全。
4. Supporting Afghanistan in countering terrorism resolutely and forcefully. Security is the foundation and prerequisite of development. The East Turkestan Islamic Movement (ETIM) is a terrorist organization listed by the UN Security Council and designated by the Chinese government in accordance with law. The ETIM forces in Afghanistan pose a severe threat to the security of China, Afghanistan and the region. China hopes that Afghanistan will fulfill its commitment in earnest and take more effective measures to crack down on all terrorist forces including the ETIM with greater determination, and earnestly ensure the safety and security of citizens, institutions and projects of China and other countries in Afghanistan.
五、呼吁加強反恐雙多邊合作。考慮到阿富汗涉恐安全問題突出，國際社會有必要加強雙多邊反恐安全合作，有針對性向阿富汗提供反恐物資、裝備、技術(shù)援助，支持阿富汗綜合施策，標(biāo)本兼治，防止阿富汗再次淪為恐怖主義庇護(hù)所、滋生地和擴散源。
5. Calling for greater bilateral and multilateral counter-terrorism cooperation. As Afghanistan faces pronounced terrorism-related security issues, it is necessary for the international community to strengthen counter-terrorism security cooperation at both bilateral and multilateral levels and provide Afghanistan with much-needed supplies, equipment and technical assistance. Afghanistan should be supported in taking comprehensive measures to address both the symptoms and root causes of terrorism and prevent the country from again becoming a safe haven, breeding ground and source of terrorism.
六、合作打擊踞阿“三股勢力”。盤踞在阿富汗的恐怖主義、分裂主義和極端主義“三股勢力”仍然是本地區(qū)乃至全球重大安全威脅。中方呼吁國際社會堅定支持阿富汗打擊“三股勢力”，支持阿富汗采取積極措施，切斷恐怖主義融資渠道，打擊恐怖分子人員招募、跨境流竄和暴恐音視頻傳播，遏制極端主義、青年極端化和恐怖主義思想傳播，根除潛伏的恐怖分子及其藏身之所。
6. Working together to fight terrorism, separatism and extremism in Afghanistan. Terrorism, separatism and extremism in Afghanistan remain a major security threat to the region and the world. China calls on the international community to firmly support Afghanistan’s fight against terrorism, separatism and extremism and its active measures to cut off the channels of terrorist financing, to counter recruitment and cross-border movement of terrorists and the spread of violent terrorist audio and video materials, to contain extremism, youth radicalization and the spread of terrorist ideologies, and to eliminate sleeper cells and terrorist safe havens.
七、敦促美國切實對阿富汗履約擔(dān)責(zé)。國際社會普遍認(rèn)為，作為阿富汗問題的始作俑者，美國扣押阿富汗海外資產(chǎn)，對阿富汗實施單邊制裁，是阿富汗人道主義狀況無法實質(zhì)改善的最大外部因素。美方應(yīng)切實從阿富汗變局中汲取教訓(xùn)，正視阿富汗嚴(yán)峻的人道、經(jīng)濟、安全等風(fēng)險挑戰(zhàn)，立即解除對阿富汗制裁，歸還阿富汗海外資產(chǎn)，落實好自己承諾的對阿富汗人道援助，確保用于阿富汗民生急需。
7. Urging the US to live up to its commitments and responsibilities to Afghanistan. It is a widely-held view in the international community that, by seizing Afghanistan’s overseas assets and imposing unilateral sanctions, the US, which created the Afghan issue in the first place, is the biggest external factor that hinders substantive improvement in the humanitarian situation in Afghanistan. The US should draw lessons from what happened in Afghanistan, face squarely the grave humanitarian, economic and security risks and challenges in Afghanistan, immediately lift its sanctions, return the Afghan overseas assets, and deliver its pledged humanitarian aid to meet the emergency needs of the Afghan people.
八、反對域外勢力干預(yù)滲透阿富汗。地區(qū)國家普遍認(rèn)為，過去20多年域外勢力對阿富汗進(jìn)行軍事干涉、“民主改造”，給阿富汗帶來了巨大損失和痛苦，負(fù)面影響在未來很多年都難以消除。從幫助阿富汗實現(xiàn)長治久安出發(fā)，有關(guān)國家不應(yīng)再次企圖將軍事設(shè)施部署到阿富汗及其周邊地區(qū)，不應(yīng)在反恐問題上搞“雙重標(biāo)準(zhǔn)”，不應(yīng)通過支恐縱恐來實現(xiàn)其地緣政治圖謀。
8. Opposing external interference and infiltration in Afghanistan. It is a shared view of regional countries that the military interference and “democratic transformation” by external forces in Afghanistan over the past 20-odd years have inflicted enormous losses and pain on Afghanistan. It will be difficult to eliminate the negative impacts for many years to come. To help Afghanistan achieve sustained peace and stability, relevant countries should not attempt to re-deploy military facilities in Afghanistan and its neighbourhood, practice double standards on counter-terrorism, or advance their geopolitical agenda by supporting or conniving at terrorism.
九、增進(jìn)涉阿富汗問題國際地區(qū)協(xié)調(diào)。新形勢下，阿富汗應(yīng)成為各方合作的平臺，而不是地緣博弈的場所。中方支持任何有利于推動阿富汗問題政治解決的方案和舉措，將進(jìn)一步通過阿富汗鄰國外長會、上海合作組織－阿富汗聯(lián)絡(luò)組、“莫斯科模式”磋商、中阿巴（基斯坦）三方外長對話、中俄巴伊（朗）四國外長阿富汗問題非正式會議、“中美俄+”磋商以及聯(lián)合國等機制平臺積極開展涉阿多邊協(xié)調(diào)，努力凝聚國際和地區(qū)穩(wěn)阿助阿的共識合力。
9. Strengthening international and regional coordination on the Afghan issue. Under the new circumstances, Afghanistan should be a platform for cooperation among various parties rather than geopolitical games. China supports all plans and measures that are conducive to political settlement of the Afghan issue, and will actively engage in multilateral coordination through such mechanisms and platforms as the Foreign Ministers’ Meeting on the Afghan Issue among the Neighboring Countries of Afghanistan, the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO)-Afghanistan Contact Group, the Moscow Format Consultations on Afghanistan, the China-Afghanistan-Pakistan Trilateral Foreign Ministers’ Dialogue, the Informal Meeting of China-Russia-Pakistan-Iran Foreign Ministers on Afghanistan, the Troika Plus Meeting and the United Nations, in an effort to build consensus and synergy for stability in and assistance to Afghanistan at regional and international levels.
十、協(xié)助解決阿富汗人道和難民問題。中方對阿富汗難民境遇表示關(guān)切，將繼續(xù)通過雙多邊渠道提供援助。中方支持聯(lián)合國相關(guān)機構(gòu)就此發(fā)揮積極作用，贊賞地區(qū)國家為此所做努力，呼吁外界繼續(xù)向阿富汗提供人道和發(fā)展援助，共同幫助阿富汗推進(jìn)經(jīng)濟重建，為最終解決難民問題積累條件。
10. Facilitating solution to Afghanistan’s humanitarian and refugee issues. China is concerned about the situation of Afghan refugees and will continue to provide assistance through bilateral and multilateral channels. China supports relevant UN agencies in playing a positive role in this regard, applauds the efforts by regional countries, and calls on the international community to provide continuous humanitarian and development assistance to jointly help Afghanistan rebuild its economy and create favorable conditions for the final settlement of the refugee issue.
十一、支持阿富汗禁毒。中方期待并支持阿富汗在打擊毒品種植、生產(chǎn)和非法買賣方面采取更多務(wù)實舉措，愿同國際社會一道，幫助阿富汗發(fā)展替代種植，打擊跨國毒品犯罪，共同消除本地區(qū)毒品來源。
11. Supporting Afghanistan’s fight against narcotics. China looks forward to and supports more concrete actions by Afghanistan to counter narcotics cultivation, production and illicit trafficking, and will work with the international community to help Afghanistan with alternative development and crackdown on cross-border drug-related crimes, so as to eliminate the source of narcotics in the region.
