雙語(yǔ) | 2022年美國(guó)民主情況

2023/3/30 8:38:25來(lái)源：CHINADAILY

2022年美國(guó)民主情況

The State of Democracy in the United States: 2022

2023年3月

March 2023

一、序言

I. Preamble

2022年，美國(guó)持續(xù)陷入民主失真、政治失能、社會(huì)失和的惡性循環(huán)。金錢(qián)政治、身份政治、社會(huì)撕裂、貧富分化等問(wèn)題愈加嚴(yán)重。美國(guó)民主弊病已深入政治和社會(huì)肌理的方方面面，并進(jìn)一步折射出其背后的治理失靈和制度缺陷。

In 2022,?the vicious cycle of democratic pretensions, dysfunctional politics and a divided society continued in the United States.?Problems such as?money politics, identity politics, social rifts, and the gulf between the rich and poor worsened. The maladies afflicting?American democracy deeply infected?the cells of?US politics and society, and further revealed?US?governance failure and?institutional defects.

盡管自身問(wèn)題成堆，美國(guó)卻仍居高臨下，指手畫(huà)腳，充當(dāng)民主教師爺，編造和渲染“民主對(duì)抗威權(quán)”虛假敘事，圍繞美國(guó)的私利，在全世界劃分“民主和非民主陣營(yíng)”，張羅舉辦第二屆“領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人民主峰會(huì)”，向各國(guó)盤(pán)點(diǎn)和分派“民主兌現(xiàn)承諾”。這些做法無(wú)論是打著“道義”的花言巧語(yǔ)，還是操著利益的掩飾手段，都隱藏不住將民主政治化、工具化，推行集團(tuán)政治、服務(wù)維霸目標(biāo)的真實(shí)意圖。

Despite mounting problems at home, the US continued to behave with a sense of superiority, point fingers at others, usurp the role of a "lecturer of democracy",?and concoct and play up the false?narrative of "democracy versus authoritarianism". To serve the interests of none other than itself, the US acted to split the world into two camps of what it defined as "democracies and non-democracies", and organized another edition of the so-called "Summit for Democracy" to check how various countries had performed on meeting US standards for democracy and to issue new orders. Be it high-sounding rhetoric or maneuvers driven by hidden agenda,?none can hide the real designs of the US — to maintain its hegemony by playing bloc politics and using democracy as a tool for political ends. ?

本報(bào)告通過(guò)大量列舉事實(shí)和媒體專(zhuān)家看法，系統(tǒng)梳理和呈現(xiàn)過(guò)去一年美國(guó)民主的真實(shí)表現(xiàn)，揭示美國(guó)國(guó)內(nèi)民主亂象及其在全世界兜售和強(qiáng)加民主所制造的混亂與災(zāi)難，讓世人進(jìn)一步認(rèn)清美國(guó)民主的真實(shí)面目。

This report collects a multitude of facts, media comments and expert opinions to present a complete and real picture of American democracy over the year. What they reveal is an American democracy in chaos at home and a trail of havoc and disasters left behind as the US peddled and imposed its democracy around the globe. It helps remove the facade of American democracy for more people worldwide.

二、美國(guó)民主沉疴難愈

II. American democracy in chronic ills

美國(guó)無(wú)視當(dāng)前自身民主面臨的種種問(wèn)題和制度危機(jī)，固執(zhí)地認(rèn)為美國(guó)民主仍然是全球樣板、民主燈塔。這種妄自尊大不僅讓美國(guó)民主弊病積重難返，也讓世界各國(guó)繼續(xù)深受其害。

The US refuses to acknowledge the many problems and institutional crises?confronting its democracy at home and stubbornly claims to be the template and beacon of democracy for the world. Such imperiousness perpetuates the ills of its?democracy and causes dire consequences for other countries.

（一）美國(guó)民主頹勢(shì)持續(xù)加重

1. American democracy in further decline

美國(guó)民主制度好似外表光鮮的舞臺(tái)，各路政客你方唱罷我登場(chǎng)，但無(wú)論表演多么精彩，都難掩許多長(zhǎng)期的嚴(yán)重積弊和始終難以解決的無(wú)奈現(xiàn)實(shí)。法國(guó)《世界報(bào)》指出，2022年是美國(guó)民主經(jīng)歷懷疑的一年，一場(chǎng)無(wú)聲的內(nèi)戰(zhàn)已在美國(guó)扎根，修復(fù)受損的民主需要國(guó)家意識(shí)和公共利益意識(shí)，但目前兩者都缺乏，對(duì)美國(guó)這樣一個(gè)長(zhǎng)期自視為典范的國(guó)家來(lái)說(shuō)實(shí)屬悲哀。瑞典智庫(kù)“國(guó)際民主及選舉協(xié)助研究所”2022年將美國(guó)列入“退步的民主國(guó)家名單”。

The functioning of American democratic institutions may look as lively as a circus, with politicians of all stripes showing off themselves one after another. But however boisterous the show is, it cannot hide the lethargy in addressing the long-standing, grave problems. Le Monde?points?out that 2022 is a year of doubt for US democracy. A silent civil war has taken root in the US, and repairing damaged democracy requires a sense of nation and public interest, both of which are currently lacking. This?is sad for a country that has long held itself up as a model. In 2022, the Swedish think tank?International Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance added the US?to its "list of regressive democracies".

2021年1月6日發(fā)生的美國(guó)國(guó)會(huì)暴亂已過(guò)去兩年，但美國(guó)的民主體系并未也難以真正吸取教訓(xùn)，政治暴力還在發(fā)展惡化?！度A盛頓郵報(bào)》《紐約客》指出，美國(guó)民主正處于前所未有的糟糕狀態(tài)，國(guó)會(huì)暴亂事件充分暴露出社會(huì)撕裂、政治分裂以及虛假信息大行其道。國(guó)會(huì)兩黨雖然都意識(shí)到美式民主的陳年弊病，但在日益極化的黨派政治氛圍中，出于各自利益，都缺乏革新決心和魄力。

Two years after the Capitol?riots on 6 January 2021, the US system of democracy still has difficulty in learning the lessons, as political violence continued to grow and deteriorate. The Washington Post?and The New Yorker observe that American democracy is in a worse state than ever before, with the congressional riots fully exposing social rifts, political divisions and rampant misinformation. The two parties, although not unaware of the age-old ills of American democracy, have neither the resolve nor the courage to pursue changes, given the increasingly polarized political atmosphere, as well as their focus on party interests.?

2022年，美國(guó)國(guó)會(huì)再度癱瘓，原因不是因?yàn)楸﹣y，而是源于黨派惡斗。第118屆國(guó)會(huì)眾議長(zhǎng)難產(chǎn)鬧劇連演4天，最終歷經(jīng)15輪投票才選出眾議長(zhǎng)。在最后一輪表決中，共和黨、民主黨分化決裂，票只投給自己人。《紐約時(shí)報(bào)》稱(chēng)，美國(guó)國(guó)會(huì)未來(lái)兩年還可能反復(fù)陷入這種混亂狀態(tài)。美國(guó)一家政治咨詢(xún)公司主席布拉德·班農(nóng)直言：“眾議院在此次風(fēng)波中鬧得一團(tuán)糟，再次表明美國(guó)政治機(jī)構(gòu)在衰落?！?/span>

In 2022, the US Congress was brought into another paralysis,?not by?riots, but?by?partisan fights. The farce of failing to elect the 118th House?speaker lasted four days and a decision was only reached after 15 rounds of voting. In the last round, divisions were such that Republicans and Democrats voted strictly along party lines. The New York Times?warned that Congress could see repeated chaos like this?over the next two years. Brad Bannon, president of a US political consultancy, put it bluntly,?"The impasse in the US House of Representatives over the election of the Speaker is another demonstration of the decline in our political institutions."

美國(guó)各界也憂(yōu)心忡忡。布魯金斯學(xué)會(huì)2022年發(fā)布報(bào)告指出，曾經(jīng)引以為榮的美國(guó)民主制度面臨系統(tǒng)性危機(jī)，正加速走向衰敗，對(duì)國(guó)內(nèi)政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)、社會(huì)的影響已從局部走向整體，將對(duì)資本主義的合法性和未來(lái)發(fā)展帶來(lái)嚴(yán)重危害?？▋?nèi)基國(guó)際和平基金會(huì)報(bào)告稱(chēng)，美國(guó)民主制度正隨著美式資本主義固有弊病的加重而加速衰落，處于危險(xiǎn)轉(zhuǎn)折點(diǎn)。投票限制、選舉舞弊、政府失信等多重挑戰(zhàn)將加速美國(guó)民主解體。歐亞集團(tuán)總裁伊恩·布雷默撰文指出，美國(guó)民主制度功能失調(diào)使人們擔(dān)憂(yōu)2024年總統(tǒng)大選可能再度引發(fā)暴力事件。大量社會(huì)熱點(diǎn)問(wèn)題持續(xù)引發(fā)公眾憤怒和對(duì)美國(guó)政治機(jī)構(gòu)合法性的質(zhì)疑，不少民眾擔(dān)心如此下去不知美國(guó)民主制度還能正常運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)多久。

This has aroused concerns among the general public. The Brookings Institution concludes in a 2022 report that?the once proud American democracy is facing a systemic crisis and is accelerating its decline. The?impact is spreading to all fronts in domestic politics, the economy and society, posing a mortal threat to the legitimacy and health of capitalism.?The Carnegie Endowment for International Peace warns in a report that American democracy is at a dangerous inflection point,?declining faster as the inherent ills of American capitalism worsen. Multiple challenges such as voting restrictions, election fraud, and loss of trust in government are accelerating the disintegration of American democracy. Ian Bremmer, president of the Eurasia Group, writes?that America's dysfunctional politics raises fears that the 2024 presidential election would again provoke deadly violence in the country. A large number of hot?button issues continued to provoke public anger and questions on the legitimacy of the US political establishment. Many worried about how long American democracy could?continue to function.

（二）兩黨爭(zhēng)斗加劇政治極化

2. Political polarization intensified by partisan fights

民主黨和共和黨都面臨內(nèi)部激進(jìn)派別的崛起，在選民基礎(chǔ)、意識(shí)形態(tài)、身份認(rèn)同等方面日益涇渭分明，傳統(tǒng)上基于政策妥協(xié)的黨際平衡難以為繼。兩黨不僅視對(duì)方為政治對(duì)手，而且是對(duì)國(guó)家的威脅。《紐約書(shū)評(píng)》刊文指出，美國(guó)已是“兩國(guó)之國(guó)”，共和黨和民主黨分別領(lǐng)銜兩個(gè)尖銳對(duì)立的國(guó)民群體，各自形成一個(gè)聯(lián)邦政府。美利堅(jiān)合眾國(guó)已成為美利堅(jiān)分裂國(guó)，“兩個(gè)美國(guó)”之間的不和日益加深，政治極化達(dá)到前所未有的嚴(yán)重狀況。

With radical factions rising in both the Democratic and Republican?Parties, the two were?increasingly at odds in many aspects, such as?voter base, ideology and identity. As a result, the traditional inter-party balance based on policy compromise became more difficult to sustain. The two parties saw each other not only as political opponents, but also as a threat to the country. The New York Review of Books points?out that America is already "a binational state" with the Republicans?and Democrats leading two sharply opposed national communities that effectively operate as confederations under a single federal government. The United States of America has become the disunited states. The discord between "the two Americas" was deepening day by day, and political polarization reached an unprecedented level.

兩黨內(nèi)斗輪番升級(jí)，政黨利益、集團(tuán)利益被置于國(guó)家利益之上，相互攻擊和指責(zé)無(wú)所不用其極。2022年8月8日，前總統(tǒng)特朗普位于佛羅里達(dá)州的海湖莊園被執(zhí)法部門(mén)查抄，特朗普稱(chēng)司法部玩弄政治，阻攔其再次競(jìng)選總統(tǒng)，自己遭到政治迫害。共和黨則對(duì)拜登總統(tǒng)住所發(fā)現(xiàn)機(jī)密文件窮追猛打，對(duì)拜登政府自阿富汗撤軍事件展開(kāi)調(diào)查，推動(dòng)問(wèn)責(zé)，國(guó)家機(jī)器淪為政黨謀取私利的工具。

Amid the escalating political battles, politicians put the interests of their political parties and factions above those of the country and acted in an unbridled way to attack and pin blames on each other. On 8 August?2022, law enforcement raided former President Donald Trump's Mar-a-Lago residence, and Trump accused?the Justice Department of playing politics to stop his second presidential bid and of political persecution. The Republicans, on their part, were relentless on the discovery of classified documents in President Joe Biden’s residence, launched investigations into the Biden administration’s?withdrawal from Afghanistan?and demanded?accountability.?US state apparatus was reduced to a tool for political parties' self-interest.

政黨政治更加明顯地以種族和身份劃線(xiàn)?！督鹑跁r(shí)報(bào)》刊文指出，共和黨代表白人、小城鎮(zhèn)和鄉(xiāng)村，民主黨則代表城市和多種族人群。兩黨均有超過(guò)三分之一的擁護(hù)者認(rèn)為可以用暴力實(shí)現(xiàn)政治目的。當(dāng)一黨選舉失敗時(shí)，支持該黨的選民仿佛感到自己的美國(guó)被外國(guó)勢(shì)力占領(lǐng)。政治學(xué)家芭芭拉·沃爾特稱(chēng)，美國(guó)已成為介于威權(quán)和民主之間的“派系林立的無(wú)支配體系”。

Party politics increasingly followed race and identity lines. According to the?Financial Times, Republicans are white, small town and rural while Democrats are now almost entirely urban and multi-ethnic. More than a third of Republicans and Democrats today believe violence is justified to achieve their?political ends. When one party loses, its voters feel as though their America is being occupied by a foreign power. Political scientist Barbara Walter?considers?the US "a factionalized anocracy" — the halfway state between autocracy and democracy.

政治極化使公共政策出臺(tái)愈發(fā)困難。根據(jù)GovTrack網(wǎng)站數(shù)據(jù)，美國(guó)歷屆國(guó)會(huì)成法數(shù)量呈遞減趨勢(shì),從93至98屆國(guó)會(huì)的4247項(xiàng)下降至111至116屆國(guó)會(huì)的2081項(xiàng)。成法數(shù)量占提案總數(shù)比重下降更明顯，從106屆國(guó)會(huì)的6%降至116屆國(guó)會(huì)的1%，20年間減少了5個(gè)百分點(diǎn)。

Political polarization?was more of an obstacle to policy decision-making. GovTrack,?an online non-governmental source of legislative information and statistics, reveals a steady fall in the number of laws successive US Congresses could enact —?from 4,247 by?the 93th to 98th Congresses down to 2,081 by the 111st to 116th. The drop?was even more pronounced when one considers how many bills could become laws,?from 6% in the 106th Congress to 1% in the 116th, a slide of 5 percentage points over two decades.

兩黨爭(zhēng)斗手段越來(lái)越低劣。斯坦福大學(xué)政治和社會(huì)學(xué)教授戴雅門(mén)指出，參加選舉各方本應(yīng)遵守克制用權(quán)、拒絕暴力等民主規(guī)則，然而在今天的美國(guó)，這些規(guī)則已面臨瓦解。一方面，越來(lái)越多的政客和民選官員為獲取或保留權(quán)力，寧愿不顧和放棄民主規(guī)則。另一方面，由于缺乏政治共識(shí)，越來(lái)越多的民眾傾向于接受激進(jìn)政治觀(guān)點(diǎn)。美國(guó)民主已陷入嚴(yán)重不穩(wěn)定狀態(tài)。

The tactics used in partisan fights were more scandalous.?Professor Larry Diamond of Political Science and Sociology at Stanford University believes?the norms of democracy, such as self-restraint in the exercise?of power and rejection of violence, which should have been observed by the participating parties in elections, have begun disintegrating in the US.?A growing number of politicians and elected officials in the US have been willing to bend or abandon democratic norms in the quest to achieve or retain power. And as common political ground vanishes, rising proportions of Americans in both camps express attitudes and perceptions that are blinking red for democratic peril. Democracy in the US is at serious risk of breaking down.

（三）金錢(qián)政治愈演愈烈

3. Money politics surged

英國(guó)劇作家亨利·菲爾丁有句名言：“把金錢(qián)奉為神明，它就會(huì)像魔鬼一樣降禍于你?！痹诿绹?guó)政壇，金錢(qián)是政治的母乳，選舉日益成為富裕階層的獨(dú)角戲，普通民眾對(duì)民主的呼聲和訴求反倒成為政治的“雜音”。當(dāng)金錢(qián)這只魔鬼充斥在美國(guó)政壇的每一個(gè)角落，受擠壓的必然是公平與正義。

"Make money your god, and it will plague you like the devil," so admonished British playwright Henry Fielding. In the US, money is the breast milk of politics?and elections increasingly morph into?monologues of the wealthy, while the public call for democracy is made only "a jarring note". With the devil of money lurking in?every corner of American politics, fairness and justice is naturally strained.

2022年中期選舉是美國(guó)金錢(qián)政治的最新注解。長(zhǎng)期跟蹤美國(guó)政治獻(xiàn)金流向的“揭秘”網(wǎng)站披露，2022年中期選舉兩黨耗資超過(guò)167億美元，刷新了2018年140億美元的紀(jì)錄，超過(guò)全球70多個(gè)國(guó)家2021年全年的國(guó)內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值。佐治亞、賓夕法尼亞、亞利桑那、威斯康星、俄亥俄等州聯(lián)邦參議員競(jìng)選開(kāi)銷(xiāo)平均超過(guò)1億美元。超過(guò)90%的參眾議員候選人通過(guò)砸錢(qián)贏(yíng)得選舉。資金來(lái)源不明的“黑錢(qián)”實(shí)際總額難以估量。

The?latest illustration is the?2022 midterm elections. The whole exercise has a price tag?of more than US$16.7 billion — breaking the 2018 record of US$14 billion — as found by?Reveal, an online platform tracking the flow of?political donations in the country. This amount dwarfs the 2021 GDPs of more than 70 countries. Federal Senate races in some states such as Georgia, Pennsylvania, Arizona, Wisconsin, and Ohio sucked in more than US$100 million on average. Over?90%?of those elected as lawmakers?won by splurging funds. It was impossible to identify how much "dark?money", or funds from undisclosed sources, was involved.

美國(guó)政治“富人游戲”本色日益顯現(xiàn)。根據(jù)美國(guó)布倫南正義中心數(shù)據(jù)，21個(gè)捐款最多家族每家至少捐助1500萬(wàn)美元，總計(jì)達(dá)7.83億美元，遠(yuǎn)超370萬(wàn)小額捐款總和。億萬(wàn)富翁提供15.4%的聯(lián)邦選舉資金，這些巨款大部分流向了可以接受無(wú)限捐款的超級(jí)政治行動(dòng)委員會(huì)。

American politics has increasingly revealed its nature as the "game of the rich".?US think tank the Brennan Center for Justice finds that the top 21 families making political donations contributed at least US$15 million each, totaling US$783 million,?far more than the US$3.7 million of small donations. Billionaires provided 15.4% of federal election funds, and most of it went to super PACs that can accept unlimited donations.

巨額的競(jìng)選資金消耗并未轉(zhuǎn)化為有效的國(guó)家治理。相反，政治分肥愈演愈烈?！堵?lián)合早報(bào)》刊文指出，過(guò)去幾十年，西方民主政治已經(jīng)變質(zhì)。財(cái)富日益集中到少數(shù)人手里，貧者愈貧，富者愈富。政治把持在富人和政客手中，為自身利益服務(wù)。民眾雖有投票權(quán)，卻無(wú)法對(duì)政治產(chǎn)生實(shí)際影響。這種無(wú)力感和對(duì)傳統(tǒng)政黨、政府喪失信心的失落感，催生了民粹主義，但問(wèn)題仍無(wú)法解決。

The enormous bills?did not bring effective national governance?in return. They only stimulated pork barrel politics. An article on Lianhe Zaobao observes that?the past few decades has witnessed a decay in Western democracy. Wealth is?increasingly concentrated in the hands of a few, making the poor poorer and the rich richer. Politics is?controlled by the rich and politicians to serve their own interests. Despite a?right to vote, the public does not have real sway over?politics. This sense of powerlessness and loss of confidence in political parties and government has given rise to populism, and the problem remains unresolved.

（四）言論自由徒有其名

美國(guó)一向標(biāo)榜言論自由。但實(shí)際上，美國(guó)的言論自由奉行以我為準(zhǔn)的美國(guó)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。黨派利益和金錢(qián)政治成為壓在言論自由頭上的“兩座大山”，只要是不利于美國(guó)政府和資本利益的言論，都會(huì)受到嚴(yán)格限制。

The United States has always prided itself on free speech. In reality, however, freedom of speech in the United States is upheld according to self-centered "US standards". Partisan interest and money politics have become the "two big mountains" that weigh on free speech. Any speech that is detrimental to the interests of the US government or capital is subject to strict restrictions.

美國(guó)政府全面監(jiān)管媒體和科技公司，干預(yù)社會(huì)輿論。2022年12月，推特公司首席執(zhí)行官馬斯克和記者馬特·泰比連續(xù)發(fā)布推文，曝光“推特文件”，披露美國(guó)政府對(duì)所有社交媒體公司都要進(jìn)行嚴(yán)格審查，有時(shí)還直接干預(yù)大媒體公司報(bào)道內(nèi)容，例如谷歌經(jīng)常讓鏈接頁(yè)面消失。此外，推特公司在2020年大選前審查總統(tǒng)候選人敏感信息，建立“黑名單”，限制不受歡迎的賬號(hào)甚至熱搜話(huà)題的曝光度，與聯(lián)邦調(diào)查局合作監(jiān)控社交媒體內(nèi)容，同時(shí)為美國(guó)軍方虛假網(wǎng)絡(luò)宣傳大開(kāi)綠燈。凡此種種，無(wú)疑撕下了美國(guó)言論自由的遮羞布。

The US government has all-encompassing regulations on media and technology companies to intervene in public opinion. In December 2022, Twitter CEO Elon Musk and journalist Matt Taibbi posted back-to-back tweets that exposed "Twitter files", revealing that the US government is heavily scrutinizing all social media companies. Sometimes it directly intervenes in big media companies' reporting, like frequently having Google remove certain links. Twitter censored sensitive information about presidential candidates ahead of the 2020 election, creating "blacklists" to limit the exposure of unpopular accounts and even hot topics, and working with the FBI to monitor social media content, all the while giving the US military the green light to spread disinformation online. All this has undoubtedly torn off the fig leaf of free speech in the United States.

資本和利益集團(tuán)在輿論上“呼風(fēng)喚雨”。美國(guó)媒體的“言論自由”在遇到資本和利益集團(tuán)時(shí)，會(huì)散發(fā)出濃濃的“銅臭味”。美國(guó)媒體多為私人所有，媒體集團(tuán)的服務(wù)對(duì)象是權(quán)力和財(cái)富精英。無(wú)論是媒體的擁有者還是媒體賴(lài)以生存的投資和廣告收入，都與資本和利益集團(tuán)脫不了干系。德國(guó)知名作家、媒體人米夏埃爾·呂德斯在《偽圣美國(guó)》一書(shū)中詳盡介紹了美國(guó)媒體受利益集團(tuán)影響，對(duì)事實(shí)進(jìn)行選擇和歪曲的“過(guò)濾機(jī)制”。2023年1月，一則由美國(guó)右翼組織“真相工程”（Project Veritas）發(fā)布的輝瑞制藥相關(guān)視頻沖上熱搜。輝瑞公司高層喬登·特里斯頓·沃克在視頻中提到，輝瑞考慮自行研發(fā)新冠病毒變種，新冠疫苗生意是“搖錢(qián)樹(shù)”，并稱(chēng)美國(guó)監(jiān)管人員與藥企有利益關(guān)聯(lián)。為滅火，輝瑞除發(fā)表聲明外，還緊急聯(lián)系優(yōu)兔以“違反社區(qū)規(guī)則”為由刪除上述視頻。

Capital and interest groups basically can get anything they want when it comes to public opinion. In the face of capital and interest groups,?American media's "freedom of speech" smacks of hypocrisy.?Most American media?firms?are privately owned and serve the powerful and the rich. Whether it's?the owner of the media or the investment and advertisement income that the media depends on, all of them are related to capital and interest groups. In his book The Hypocritical Superpower,?Micheal Lueders, a well-known German writer and media professional, elaborated?in detail how the "filtering mechanism"?of American media, under the?influence of interest groups, chooses and distorts facts. In January 2023, Project Veritas, an American right-wing group, published a video about Pfizer?that went viral. It recorded?Jordon?Trishton Walker, a senior executive at Pfizer, saying?that Pfizer was exploring plans to "mutate" the coronavirus, that the coronavirus vaccine business was a "cash cow", and that US regulators had vested interests in?drug companies. To deal with the PR crisis, in addition to issuing a?statement, Pfizer even had YouTube remove the video immediately on ground of "violating community guidelines".

美國(guó)利用社交媒體操縱國(guó)際輿論。2022年12月，獨(dú)立調(diào)查網(wǎng)站“The Intercept”披露，美國(guó)防部下屬機(jī)構(gòu)長(zhǎng)期在推特等社交媒體通過(guò)操控話(huà)題、欺騙性宣傳等手段干預(yù)中東國(guó)家輿論認(rèn)知。2017年7月，美軍中央司令部官員納撒尼爾·卡勒給推特公共政策團(tuán)隊(duì)發(fā)了一個(gè)表格，包含52個(gè)阿拉伯語(yǔ)賬號(hào)，要求優(yōu)先服務(wù)其中6個(gè)。按照卡勒要求，推特將這批阿拉伯語(yǔ)賬號(hào)放入“白名單”，用來(lái)放大對(duì)美有利的信息。美國(guó)反戰(zhàn)組織“公正外交政策”執(zhí)行主任埃里克·斯柏林就此指出，美國(guó)國(guó)會(huì)和社交媒體應(yīng)調(diào)查并采取行動(dòng)，讓民眾知道自己的納稅款被用來(lái)宣傳美國(guó)無(wú)休止的戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)。

The US uses social media to manipulate international public opinion. In December 2022, the independent investigation website "The Intercept" revealed that agencies affiliated to the US Department of Defense had long interfered in public opinion in Middle Eastern countries by?manipulating topics and waging deceptive propaganda on social media such as Twitter. In July 2017, US Central Command official Nathaniel Kahler sent to the Twitter public policy team a form containing 52 Arabic-language accounts, asking for priority services for six of them. Following Kahler's request, Twitter put these Arabic accounts on a "white list" to amplify messages favorable to the United States.?Eric Sperling, executive director of Just?Foreign Policy, an anti-war organization, commented on this incident that Congress and social media companies should investigate and take action to ensure that, at the very least, the citizens are fully informed when their tax money is being spent on putting a positive spin on the endless wars.

2022年9月，“北溪”天然氣管道被炸震驚全球，肇事者身份和動(dòng)機(jī)引發(fā)國(guó)際社會(huì)高度關(guān)注。2023年2月8日，普利策新聞獎(jiǎng)得主、美國(guó)資深調(diào)查記者西摩·赫什撰文，直指美國(guó)政府是事件幕后黑手。但對(duì)于這條爆炸性新聞，一向嗅覺(jué)敏銳的歐美主流媒體卻避而不談，反應(yīng)蹊蹺。加拿大《西部標(biāo)準(zhǔn)報(bào)》和德國(guó)電視二臺(tái)評(píng)稱(chēng)，赫什的報(bào)道是十年來(lái)最大新聞之一，但在北美幾乎沒(méi)有媒體愿意談及，原因在于西方國(guó)家不想讓別人發(fā)現(xiàn)事實(shí)真相及其在波羅的海部署的監(jiān)視技術(shù)。此外，西方媒體還“另辟蹊徑”，質(zhì)疑赫什報(bào)道的真實(shí)性。2月15日，赫什發(fā)文指責(zé)美國(guó)政府和主流媒體大肆掩蓋“北溪”管道爆炸事件真相。分析人士指出,考慮到西方媒體聽(tīng)從美國(guó)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)，其封鎖赫什爆料的行徑不足為奇。

In September 2022, the explosion of the "Nord Stream" natural gas pipeline shocked the world, and the international community was eager to know the identity and motive of the perpetrator. On?8?February 2023, Pulitzer Prize-winning veteran investigative journalist Seymour Hersh published an article exposing the US government as the culprit of the incident. However, American and European?mainstream media, known for their sensitivity to such scoops, stayed eerily quiet on this piece of explosive news. As observed by Canadian website?Western Standard?and German television?channel ZDF, Hersh's report was one of the biggest stories of the decade, but few media in North America wanted to talk about it?because the West does not want anyone to find out about the truth and the surveillance technologies?it has deployed in the Baltic Sea. Western media even try to bypass the crux of the issue by questioning?the authenticity of Hersh’s report. On 15 February, Hersh wrote another article,?accusing the US government and mainstream media of covering up the truth of the "Nord Stream" pipeline explosion. Analysts pointed out that given?Western media’s obedience to the US, their blocking of Hersh's revelations is not surprising.

（五）司法系統(tǒng)無(wú)視民意

5. The judicial system blind to public opinion

作為憲法保障機(jī)構(gòu)，最高法院同美國(guó)社會(huì)一樣陷入不可調(diào)和的分裂局面，社會(huì)分裂裹挾司法權(quán)，兩黨斗爭(zhēng)向司法系統(tǒng)蔓延。最高法院判決越來(lái)越體現(xiàn)出保守派和自由派“兩個(gè)美國(guó)”之間的巨大分歧，日益淪為政治斗爭(zhēng)工具?！叭龣?quán)分立”不斷被侵蝕。黨派之爭(zhēng)已拋棄傳統(tǒng)、突破底線(xiàn)。

As an institution?undergirding the?country's Constitution, the US Supreme Court, like the American society, has become deeply divided. Judicial power is hijacked by public opinion, and partisan struggle has spread to the judicial system. Increasingly, Supreme Court decisions reflect the huge chasm?between "two Americas"—the conservatives?and liberals,?and have been reduced to a tool of political warfare. The "separation of powers" is constantly being eroded. Partisanship has abandoned tradition and crossed the line.

兩黨通過(guò)改變最高法院政治傾向?qū)崿F(xiàn)自身議程?？偨y(tǒng)選舉在某些方面成為兩黨爭(zhēng)奪法官任命權(quán)之戰(zhàn)。由于最高法院大法官離世，特朗普任內(nèi)任命了3名立場(chǎng)偏保守的大法官，使保守派大法官對(duì)自由派大法官占據(jù)絕對(duì)優(yōu)勢(shì)。南非“每日獨(dú)行者”網(wǎng)站刊文稱(chēng)，特朗普之后，激進(jìn)的白人福音派原教旨主義者已接管最高法院的韁繩，最高法院幾乎總是做出有利于基督教福音派、大公司和共和黨的判決，這并不令人驚訝。

Both parties pursue?their agenda by changing the political orientation of the Supreme Court. The presidential election has in some ways become a partisan battle for the right to appoint judges. The passing away of Supreme Court?justices gave Trump the opportunity to appoint during his term three justices who took a conservative stance, giving conservative justices an overwhelming advantage over liberal ones. After Trump, radical white evangelical fundamentalists have taken the reins of the Supreme Court, according to an article on the South African website Daily Maverick. It’s hardly surprising that the Supreme Court almost always makes decisions in favor of Christian evangelicals, big corporations and the Republican Party.

美國(guó)最高法院關(guān)于墮胎權(quán)的判決充分顯示出其卷入黨爭(zhēng)、與社會(huì)脫節(jié)的惡果。2022年6月24日，最高法院公然為宗教保守主義站臺(tái)，推翻1973年“羅伊訴韋德案”裁決，取消對(duì)女性墮胎權(quán)的憲法保護(hù)，引發(fā)全美多地抗議。民調(diào)顯示，超過(guò)半數(shù)美國(guó)人認(rèn)為剝奪墮胎權(quán)是美國(guó)的倒退。以色列《國(guó)土報(bào)》刊文評(píng)稱(chēng)，在墮胎權(quán)問(wèn)題上，最高法院打著捍衛(wèi)民主的旗號(hào)破壞民主，提供了一個(gè)“少數(shù)人暴政”的生動(dòng)案例。一個(gè)不具有代表性的最高法院，由一位不具有代表性的總統(tǒng)任命，由一個(gè)明顯不具有代表性的參議院批準(zhǔn)。但是，這個(gè)最高法院的裁決對(duì)美國(guó)的影響卻將延續(xù)到2030、2040乃至2050年。

The US Supreme Court's decision on abortion rights fully demonstrates the consequences of being involved in partisan warfare and out of touch with society. On 24?June 2022, the Supreme Court flagrantly?endorsed?religious conservatism by overturning the 1973 Roe v. Wade decision and removing constitutional protections for women’s abortion rights. The decision triggered protests across the United States. Polls show that more than half of Americans believe that stripping away abortion rights is a setback for the country. Israeli media?"Haaretz" commented that on?the issue of abortion rights, the Supreme Court has undermined democracy in the name of defending it, which is a typical case of "tyranny?of the minority". Here is an unrepresentative Supreme Court, with its?justices appointed by an unrepresentative president?and?confirmed by an obviously?unrepresentative Senate; but it has made a decision that will affect the United States till 2030, 2040, and even 2050.

最高法院還推翻了紐約州自1913年起實(shí)施的限制民眾在外隱蔽攜槍的法律。紐約州州長(zhǎng)稱(chēng)，在全美反思槍支暴力之際，最高法院魯莽推翻紐約州控槍法律，令人無(wú)法容忍。美國(guó)政治評(píng)論家馬修·多德指出，當(dāng)今美國(guó)面臨的問(wèn)題從根本上說(shuō)源于民主的破碎。美國(guó)公民希望看到“羅伊訴韋德案”的公正裁決、真正的槍支改革、提高最低工資、對(duì)超級(jí)富豪加稅、改善全民醫(yī)療等反映民眾呼聲的改革。

The Supreme Court also struck down a New York state law that had been in place since 1913 restricting people from carrying concealed firearms. As the nation reflects on gun violence, such a reckless reversal of New York's gun control law is intolerable, noted the governor of New York. American political commentator Matthew Dowd pointed?out that the problems facing the United States today are rooted in the fragmentation of democracy. What American citizens want are a fair ruling in Roe v. Wade, a real gun reform, higher minimum wages, steeper taxes on the super-rich, better health care for all, and other reforms that heed popular calls.

（六）美國(guó)民眾對(duì)美式民主日益失望

6.?Americans increasingly disillusioned with American democracy

《華盛頓郵報(bào)》和馬里蘭大學(xué)聯(lián)合調(diào)查顯示，美國(guó)人對(duì)民主的自豪感急劇下降，從2002年的90%下降到2022年的54%。加利福尼亞公共政策研究所民調(diào)顯示，加州選民普遍擔(dān)憂(yōu)美國(guó)民主正偏離正軌，其中62%的選民認(rèn)為美國(guó)正朝著錯(cuò)誤方向發(fā)展，46%對(duì)持不同政治觀(guān)點(diǎn)的美國(guó)人合作解決分歧的前景感到悲觀(guān)，52%對(duì)當(dāng)前美國(guó)民主的運(yùn)作方式不滿(mǎn)。昆尼皮亞克大學(xué)民調(diào)顯示，67%受訪(fǎng)者認(rèn)為美國(guó)民主制度有崩潰危險(xiǎn)，48%認(rèn)為美國(guó)可能再次發(fā)生類(lèi)似國(guó)會(huì)暴亂的事件。皮尤中心民調(diào)顯示，65%的美國(guó)人認(rèn)為美國(guó)民主制度需要重大改革，57%的受訪(fǎng)者認(rèn)為美國(guó)不再是民主典范。加州大學(xué)洛杉磯分校研究顯示，美國(guó)政府治國(guó)能力和民主責(zé)任感近年不斷下降，在推進(jìn)大規(guī)模改革、解決選舉公正以及媒體造假等諸多問(wèn)題上缺乏有力措施。

Americans' pride in their democracy has dropped sharply, from 90%?in 2002 to 54%?in 2022, according to a joint Washington Post-University of Maryland survey. A poll by the Public Policy Institute of California?shows that?Californian voters have widespread concern that American democracy is going off track, with 62%?saying the country is headed in the wrong direction, 46%?pessimistic about the prospect of Americans with different political views working together to resolve differences, and 52% dissatisfied with the current way American democracy works. According to a Quinnipiac University poll, 67%?of respondents believe that American democracy is in danger of collapse, and 48%?think there could be another Capitol riot in the United States. According to a Pew Center poll, 65% of Americans believe that the American democratic system needs major reforms, while 57%?of respondents believe the United States is no longer a model of democracy. A?UCLA study shows that the US government has been losing its ability to govern and its sense of democratic responsibility in recent years, and lacks effective measures to push forward large-scale reforms?or?address issues such as electoral justice and media fraud.

三、美國(guó)強(qiáng)推民主制造全球亂局

III. The United States' imposition of "democracy" has caused chaos around the world

盡管美國(guó)自身民主面臨種種問(wèn)題，但并未反躬自省，而是內(nèi)病外治，仍繼續(xù)在全球輸出美式民主價(jià)值觀(guān)，利用民主議題打壓別國(guó)、謀取私利，加劇國(guó)際社會(huì)分裂和陣營(yíng)對(duì)抗。

In spite of all the problems facing its own democracy, the United States refuses to?reflect on itself, but instead continues to export American democratic values to other countries, and use the pretext of democracy to oppress other countries and serve its own agenda. What the US has done is exacerbating division in the international community and bloc-based confrontation.

（一）政治極化綁架對(duì)外政策

1. Foreign policy held hostage by political polarization

“政治不過(guò)海”（Politics stops at the water's edge）是美國(guó)政界廣為流傳的諺語(yǔ)，主要是指黨爭(zhēng)應(yīng)僅限于內(nèi)政，對(duì)外則要保持一致。然而，隨著政治極化加劇，民主共和兩黨在重大對(duì)外議題上的分歧越來(lái)越大，對(duì)外政策越來(lái)越“走極端”“政治過(guò)海”漸成常態(tài)，不僅給很多發(fā)展中國(guó)家?guī)?lái)危害，也對(duì)美國(guó)盟友構(gòu)成威脅。

"Politics stops at the water's edge" is a popular proverb in American political circles, which means that partisan struggle should be confined to domestic politics and that a united front should be formed when dealing with?foreign affairs. However, with the intensification of political polarization, Democrats and Republicans are increasingly divided on major foreign affairs issues, and America's foreign policy has become more and more "extreme". "Politics crossing the water's edge" has become the norm. It is not only harmful to many developing countries, but also poses a threat to America's own allies.

新冠疫情發(fā)生以來(lái)，特朗普政府和一些極端政客在病毒溯源問(wèn)題上針對(duì)中國(guó)炮制種種謊言謠言。最為典型的是，2021年美國(guó)情報(bào)部門(mén)發(fā)布所謂新冠病毒溯源問(wèn)題報(bào)告，罔顧科學(xué)溯源規(guī)律，編造“武漢病毒研究所泄漏病毒”，誣蔑中國(guó)缺乏透明度和阻撓國(guó)際調(diào)查。溯源是個(gè)科學(xué)問(wèn)題，美方此舉真實(shí)目的是妄圖混淆視聽(tīng)，操弄溯源問(wèn)題，對(duì)中國(guó)甩鍋推責(zé)、遏制打壓，充分暴露美式民主的虛偽和政治極化惡果。

Since the outbreak of COVID-19, the Trump administration and some extreme politicians have concocted all kinds of lies and rumors against China on coronavirus origins-tracing. The most typical is in 2021, when the US intelligence agency issued the so-called origins-tracing?report, which, in total disregard of science, fabricated the "lab leak" story?and claimed that China lacked transparency and obstructed international investigations. Tracing the origins of the coronavirus is a matter of science, but?the true purpose of the US' doing is to obscure the views of the public and manipulate the issue to shift the blame onto?China and suppress and contain China. This fully exposes the hypocrisy of American democracy and the ill effects of political polarization.

拜登政府上臺(tái)后，長(zhǎng)達(dá)20年的阿富汗戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)以美軍倉(cāng)促撤離告終。美國(guó)打爛了一個(gè)國(guó)家，毀掉了幾代人的前途，最后一走了之。美軍雖然撤了，但美國(guó)政府繼續(xù)對(duì)阿富汗實(shí)施制裁，非法凍結(jié)阿央行資產(chǎn)，當(dāng)?shù)孛癖娚钛┥霞铀?022年5月，聯(lián)合國(guó)發(fā)布報(bào)告顯示，阿富汗近2000萬(wàn)人面臨嚴(yán)重饑荒。2022年6月，阿富汗發(fā)生強(qiáng)烈地震，美國(guó)仍拒不解除制裁。

Under the Biden administration, the US ended 20 years of war in Afghanistan with a hasty withdrawal of troops. It just walked away, after shattering a whole country and destroying the future of several generations. Although its troops have left, the US government continued to sanction Afghanistan, and illegally froze the assets of the Afghan central bank, making life even worse for the local people.?A?UN-backed report published in May 2022 showed?that nearly 20 million people in Afghanistan were facing acute hunger. Even after the devastating earthquake in Afghanistan in June 2022, the US still refused to lift the sanctions.

美國(guó)政治極化產(chǎn)生外溢影響。加拿大渥太華大學(xué)發(fā)布報(bào)告稱(chēng)，美國(guó)一些保守派政客和?？怂剐侣劦让襟w公開(kāi)對(duì)加拿大極右翼分子表達(dá)支持，這對(duì)加拿大民主構(gòu)成的威脅比其他任何國(guó)家都更大，需要思考美國(guó)民主倒退對(duì)加拿大的影響。加拿大阿爾伯塔大學(xué)教授戈登·拉克瑟認(rèn)為，促使美國(guó)走向?qū)Ｖ频牧α恳呀?jīng)存在。加拿大人長(zhǎng)期以來(lái)一直認(rèn)為，美國(guó)是我們最好的朋友并將永遠(yuǎn)支持民主，但這再也不能被視為理所當(dāng)然。

Political polarization in the US is spilling over. According to a report released by the University of Ottawa,?there is open support from conservative media, including Fox News, and conservative politicians in the US for the far-right extremists in Canada. It represents a greater threat to Canadian democracy than the actions of any other state, and the implications of democratic backsliding in the US for Canada must be reflected upon. Professor Gordon Laxer at the University of Alberta believes the forces moving the US toward autocracy already exist. It is ingrained among Canadians that the US is their greatest friend and will always champion democracy. That can no longer be taken for granted.

（二）借民主旗號(hào)煽動(dòng)對(duì)抗沖突

2. Inciting confrontation and conflict?in the name of democracy

民主是全人類(lèi)共同價(jià)值，不應(yīng)被用來(lái)作為推進(jìn)地緣戰(zhàn)略、違逆人類(lèi)發(fā)展進(jìn)步的工具。但長(zhǎng)期以來(lái)，美國(guó)為維護(hù)自身霸權(quán)，將“民主”概念私有化，打著民主旗號(hào)煽動(dòng)分裂制造對(duì)抗，破壞以聯(lián)合國(guó)為核心的國(guó)際體系和以國(guó)際法為基礎(chǔ)的國(guó)際秩序。

Democracy is a common value of humanity and must not be used as a tool to advance geopolitical agenda or counter human development and progress. However, in order to maintain its hegemony, the US has long been monopolizing the definition of "democracy",?instigating division and confrontation?in the name of democracy, and undermining the UN-centered international system and the international order underpinned by international law.

烏克蘭危機(jī)自2022年初爆發(fā)至今，重創(chuàng)烏克蘭經(jīng)濟(jì)民生。2022年10月，世界銀行發(fā)布報(bào)告指出，烏克蘭戰(zhàn)后重建至少需要3490億美元，相當(dāng)于烏克蘭2021年全年經(jīng)濟(jì)總量的1.5倍。烏克蘭危機(jī)爆發(fā)后，美國(guó)視其為從中漁利的機(jī)會(huì)，非但沒(méi)有做出任何有利于停戰(zhàn)的舉措，反而不斷拱火澆油，在軍工、能源等領(lǐng)域大發(fā)戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)橫財(cái)。美國(guó)還把向?yàn)蹩颂m提供武器描述為“民主對(duì)抗威權(quán)”。2022年7月，塞爾維亞戰(zhàn)略預(yù)測(cè)中心發(fā)布報(bào)告指出，在美國(guó)眼里，俄羅斯1999年對(duì)車(chē)臣首府格羅茲尼發(fā)動(dòng)的襲擊是犯罪，而美國(guó)在同格羅茲尼差不多大的伊拉克城市費(fèi)盧杰采取的同樣行動(dòng)就是解放。美國(guó)所謂的民主早已被利益集團(tuán)和資本綁架，給世界帶來(lái)的是動(dòng)蕩和混亂。

Since its outbreak in early 2022, the Ukraine crisis?has hit the country’s economy and the livelihood of its people hard. In October 2022, the World Bank released a report suggesting that Ukraine would need at least US$349 billion, or 1.5 times the country’s total economic output for the whole year of 2021,?to rebuild after the war.?The US saw the Ukraine crisis as a?lucrative opportunity. Instead of taking any measures conducive to ending hostilities, the US kept fueling the flames and made a huge fortune from the war business including the arms industry and the energy sector. It described its arms supply to Ukraine as a move to support "democracy versus authoritarianism". A July 2022?report by?Serbia’s Center for Strategic Prognosis pointed out that the US saw Russia’s 1999 attack on Grozny, the capital of Chechnya, as a crime, but called a similar American operation in Fallujah, an Iraqi city about the size of Grozny, liberation. America’s so-called democracy has long been hijacked by interest groups and capital, and brought instability and chaos to the world.

2022年8月，時(shí)任美國(guó)國(guó)會(huì)眾議長(zhǎng)佩洛西不顧中方堅(jiān)決反對(duì)與嚴(yán)正交涉，執(zhí)意竄訪(fǎng)中國(guó)臺(tái)灣地區(qū)。這是一起升級(jí)美臺(tái)官方交往的重大政治挑釁，加劇了臺(tái)海局勢(shì)緊張。而佩洛西本人卻辯稱(chēng)，“訪(fǎng)臺(tái)彰顯美國(guó)對(duì)臺(tái)灣民主的堅(jiān)定支持”。佩洛西竄臺(tái)問(wèn)題的實(shí)質(zhì)絕不是什么民主問(wèn)題，而是事關(guān)中國(guó)主權(quán)和領(lǐng)土完整的問(wèn)題。其所作所為絕不是對(duì)民主的捍衛(wèi)和維護(hù)，而是對(duì)中國(guó)主權(quán)與領(lǐng)土完整的挑釁和侵犯。佩洛西的狡辯連一些美國(guó)政客都看不下去。共和黨聯(lián)邦眾議員格林質(zhì)疑佩洛西：“掌控幾十年的權(quán)力，而整個(gè)國(guó)家卻在崩潰，這種捍衛(wèi)民主的假勇氣已經(jīng)夠多了?！?br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"/>

In August 2022, then US House Speaker Nancy Pelosi made a provocative visit to China’s Taiwan region?in disregard of China’s firm opposition and serious representations. It was a major political provocation that upgraded official contact between the US?and Taiwan, and aggravated tensions across the Taiwan Strait. Yet, Pelosi argued that the visit "honors America's unwavering commitment to supporting Taiwan's vibrant democracy". The crux of Pelosi's provocative visit is not about democracy, but China's sovereignty and territorial integrity. The US action was by no means defending or preserving democracy, but challenging and violating China's sovereignty and territorial integrity. Pelosi's fallacy was unbearable even to some US politicians. Republican Congresswoman Marjorie Greene challenged Pelosi, saying that "Americans have had enough with a woman obsessed with her own power she's held for decades while our entire country crumbles ... Enough of this fake 'courage' defending democracy."

國(guó)際社會(huì)對(duì)美方做法看得越來(lái)越清楚。俄羅斯聯(lián)邦安全會(huì)議副主席梅德韋杰夫表示，美國(guó)自詡為“最高祭司”，披著“民主真理”的外衣在全世界制造混亂，借助金錢(qián)、同盟、高端武器等手段粗暴輸出自身意志。埃及“金字塔在線(xiàn)”刊文稱(chēng)，所謂“自由民主”的意識(shí)形態(tài)已被武器化，被美國(guó)用來(lái)破壞他國(guó)的穩(wěn)定，干涉他國(guó)內(nèi)政，對(duì)他國(guó)政府進(jìn)行去合法化，而這些干涉往往產(chǎn)生嚴(yán)重負(fù)面影響，都與美國(guó)宣稱(chēng)要推進(jìn)的民主和自由無(wú)關(guān)。印尼人民浪潮黨總主席阿尼斯·瑪塔指出，美國(guó)擅長(zhǎng)把其他國(guó)家變成戰(zhàn)場(chǎng)，印尼的政治極化是美國(guó)在背后一手策劃的，在印尼出現(xiàn)的反華聲音也是美國(guó)的政治議程之一，穆斯林社會(huì)必須對(duì)此警惕。

The international community is seeing the US approach more and more clearly. Dmitry Medvedev,?Deputy Chairman?of the Security Council of the Russian Federation, wrote that the US, as a self-proclaimed "high priest", has wreaked havoc around the world under the disguise of "true democracy", and used money, allies and high-end weapons to crudely impose its will. An article published on Ahram Online, an Egyptian news website, argued that "liberalism" and "democracy" had been turned into?a weaponized ideology that the US uses to destabilize other countries, delegitimize their governments, and intervene with forms of sociopolitical engineering that often backfires in drastic ways. None of it has to do with the liberalism, democracy and freedom the US claims to promote.?Chairman of the Indonesian People's Wave Party?Anis Matta?pointed out that American cleverness is making other countries a battlefield. Anti-China sentiment and polarization in Indonesia are also America's work. Muslims must understand that.

（三）單邊制裁變本加厲

3. Doubling down on unilateral sanctions

長(zhǎng)期以來(lái)，美國(guó)依據(jù)國(guó)內(nèi)法，基于自身價(jià)值觀(guān)，打著人權(quán)民主等旗號(hào)，對(duì)他國(guó)實(shí)施單邊制裁和“長(zhǎng)臂管轄”。過(guò)去幾十年，美國(guó)對(duì)古巴、白俄羅斯、敘利亞、津巴布韋等國(guó)家實(shí)施單邊制裁和長(zhǎng)臂管轄，對(duì)朝鮮、伊朗、委內(nèi)瑞拉等極限施壓，以埃及人權(quán)狀況未改善為由單方面凍結(jié)對(duì)埃1.3億美元的軍事援助，嚴(yán)重破壞這些國(guó)家的經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展和民生改善，危及生命權(quán)、挑戰(zhàn)自決權(quán)、損害發(fā)展權(quán)，構(gòu)成對(duì)他國(guó)人權(quán)的持續(xù)性、系統(tǒng)性、大規(guī)模侵犯。近年來(lái)，美國(guó)發(fā)起的單邊制裁越來(lái)越多，長(zhǎng)臂越伸越長(zhǎng)，為了維護(hù)美國(guó)霸權(quán)，不顧國(guó)際法和國(guó)際關(guān)系基本準(zhǔn)則，肆意損害別國(guó)利益，特別是發(fā)展中國(guó)家正當(dāng)合法權(quán)益。

Under the pretext of human rights and democracy, the US has long been using unilateral sanctions and "long-arm jurisdiction" against other countries based on its domestic laws and its own values. In the past decades, the US?imposed unilateral sanctions and long-arm jurisdiction on Cuba, Belarus, Syria, Zimbabwe and other countries, placed maximum pressure on countries including the DPRK, Iran?and Venezuela, and unilaterally froze US$130 million in military aid to Egypt under the excuse of the country's lack of progress in human rights.?Such actions have seriously damaged the economic development and people's livelihood in the countries?concerned, and jeopardized?the right to life, the right to self-determination?and the right to development, constituting?a continual, systematic and massive violation of human rights in other countries. In recent years, US unilateral sanctions?have been increasing and its "long arm" has been extending?further. In order to preserve its hegemony, the US has wilfully?harmed the interests of other countries, especially the legitimate and lawful interests of developing countries, in disregard of international law and the basic norms of international relations.

2022年3月，土耳其阿納多盧通訊社發(fā)表文章，揭露美國(guó)打著“民主”旗號(hào)，以莫須有罪名侵略伊拉克，給當(dāng)?shù)厝嗣駧?lái)沉重苦難。一是濫施制裁惡化當(dāng)?shù)孛裆?990年至2003年間，美國(guó)對(duì)伊拉克施加嚴(yán)厲經(jīng)濟(jì)制裁，嚴(yán)重惡化當(dāng)?shù)亟?jīng)濟(jì)和民眾生活。據(jù)聯(lián)合國(guó)糧農(nóng)組織數(shù)據(jù)，受美國(guó)制裁和禁運(yùn)影響，伊拉克饑餓率居高不下，僅1990年至1995年，就有50萬(wàn)伊拉克兒童因饑餓或惡劣生存條件而喪生。二是連年戰(zhàn)亂造成大量百姓傷亡。據(jù)伊拉克衛(wèi)生部數(shù)據(jù)，從2003年美國(guó)發(fā)動(dòng)伊拉克戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)到2011年宣布撤軍，約有12萬(wàn)伊拉克平民因戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)喪生。三是粗暴嫁接政治模式水土不服。美國(guó)無(wú)視伊拉克國(guó)情，強(qiáng)推美式民主，加劇伊拉克各派政治斗爭(zhēng)。

An article published by the Turkish Anadolu News Agency in March 2022 argued that in the name of promoting democracy, the US invaded Iraq on unsubstantiated grounds and brought immense sufferings to the local population. First, the abuse of sanctions aggravated livelihood?challenges. Between 1990 and 2003, the severe economic sanctions by the US took a heavy toll on the local economy and the well-being of the Iraqi people. According to the UN Food and Agriculture Organization,?the hunger rate in Iraq reached a very high level as a result of the US sanctions and embargo. Between 1990 and 1995 alone, 500,000 Iraqi children died of hunger and poor living conditions. Second, the incessant?war caused enormous civilian casualties. According to the Iraqi Ministry of Health, about 120,000 Iraqi civilians were killed between 2003, when the US started the Iraq War,?and 2011, when the US announced its withdrawal. Third, the?imposed political model failed to adapt. The US forced the American-style democracy upon Iraq in disregard?of the latter's national conditions, only to aggravate the political fight between different factions in the country.

美國(guó)的單邊制裁行動(dòng)充分表現(xiàn)出美國(guó)的傲慢和對(duì)人道主義的漠視。2022年2月11日，拜登總統(tǒng)簽署行政令，要求將阿富汗中央銀行約70億美元的在美資產(chǎn)均分，一半作為賠償“9·11”事件受害者的資金來(lái)源，另一半則轉(zhuǎn)移至紐約聯(lián)邦儲(chǔ)備銀行的一個(gè)賬戶(hù)。美國(guó)這種公開(kāi)劫掠阿富汗人民財(cái)產(chǎn)的霸權(quán)行徑遭到國(guó)際社會(huì)普遍譴責(zé)。2022年3月，印尼《環(huán)印尼報(bào)》網(wǎng)站報(bào)道，阿富汗裔民眾在美國(guó)駐印尼使館前示威，抗議美國(guó)政府侵吞阿富汗政府資產(chǎn)?？棺h者義憤填膺地表示，阿富汗前政府資產(chǎn)應(yīng)歸阿富汗人民所有，應(yīng)該用于援助遭遇經(jīng)濟(jì)危機(jī)的阿富汗民眾。

The unilateral sanctions imposed by the US fully demonstrate its arrogance and indifference toward humanitarianism. On 11 February?2022, President Biden signed an executive order to split in half the US$7 billion in Afghan central bank?assets frozen in the US. Half of the assets were to fund financial compensations for 9/11 victims, and the other half were transferred to an account at the Federal Reserve Bank of New York. Such blatant stealing from the Afghan people has been widely condemned by the international community. SINDOnews.com, a news website of Indonesia, reported in March 2022 that people of Afghan descent rallied at the US Embassy in Jakarta to protest the US government's looting of?assets?from the Afghan government. The indignant protesters argued that the assets of the former Afghan government belonged to the Afghan people?and should be used to aid the Afghan people who were experiencing an economic crisis.

（四）肆意破壞國(guó)際關(guān)系民主化

4. Undermining democracy in international relations

國(guó)際事務(wù)是人類(lèi)公益，應(yīng)當(dāng)由各國(guó)商量著辦，但美國(guó)在國(guó)際關(guān)系中從來(lái)沒(méi)有真正遵循過(guò)民主原則。美國(guó)披著“多邊主義”和“規(guī)則”外衣，固守冷戰(zhàn)思維，大搞偽多邊主義和集團(tuán)政治，挑動(dòng)分裂對(duì)立，制造集團(tuán)對(duì)抗，假多邊主義之名，行單邊主義之實(shí)，其霸權(quán)霸道霸凌行徑嚴(yán)重破壞真正多邊主義的發(fā)展。

International affairs bear on the?common interests of mankind, and should be conducted through consultation by all countries. Yet,?the US has never truly observed the principle of democracy in international relations. Under the pretext of "multilateralism"?and "international rules",?and clinging to the Cold War mentality, the US has exercised fake multilateralism and bloc politics, instigated?division and antagonism, created?bloc confrontation, and practiced unilateralism in the name of multilateralism. Its hegemonic, domineering and bullying acts seriously impede the development of true multilateralism.

美國(guó)將國(guó)內(nèi)法凌駕于國(guó)際法之上，對(duì)國(guó)際規(guī)則采取合則用、不合則棄的實(shí)用主義態(tài)度。20世紀(jì)80年代以來(lái)，美國(guó)曾退出聯(lián)合國(guó)人權(quán)理事會(huì)、世衛(wèi)組織、聯(lián)合國(guó)教科文組織、氣候變化《巴黎協(xié)定》、伊朗核問(wèn)題全面協(xié)議、《武器貿(mào)易條約》、《中導(dǎo)條約》、《開(kāi)放天空條約》等17個(gè)重要的國(guó)際組織或協(xié)議。

The US?places its domestic law above international law, and adopts a selective approach to international rules, applying and discarding such rules as it sees fit. Since the 1980s, the US has withdrawn from 17 important international organizations or agreements, including the UN Human Rights Council, WHO, UNESCO, the Paris Agreement on climate change, the JCPOA, the Arms Trade Treaty, the Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Treaty?and the Treaty on Open Skies.

美國(guó)公然違反《聯(lián)合國(guó)憲章》宗旨和原則以及國(guó)際關(guān)系基本準(zhǔn)則，四處發(fā)動(dòng)戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)，制造分裂沖突。美國(guó)建國(guó)以來(lái)240多年歷史中，僅有16年沒(méi)有打仗，堪稱(chēng)世界歷史上最好戰(zhàn)的國(guó)家。二戰(zhàn)結(jié)束以來(lái)，美國(guó)在海外發(fā)動(dòng)或參與了朝鮮戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)、越南戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)、阿富汗戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)、伊拉克戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)等多場(chǎng)戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)，造成極為嚴(yán)重的平民傷亡和財(cái)產(chǎn)損失，導(dǎo)致巨大人道主義災(zāi)難。2001年以來(lái)，美國(guó)以反恐之名發(fā)動(dòng)的戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)和軍事行動(dòng)已造成超過(guò)90萬(wàn)人死亡，其中約有33.5萬(wàn)是平民，數(shù)百萬(wàn)人受傷，數(shù)千萬(wàn)人流離失所。

The US flagrantly violates the purposes and principles of the UN Charter and the basic norms governing international relations, waging wars and creating division and conflict across the world. Throughout its history of 240-plus years, the US has been at peace for only 16 years?— it is indeed the most belligerent country in world history. Since the end of World War II, the US has waged or participated in many wars overseas, including the Korean War, the Vietnam War, the War in Afghanistan and the Iraq War, which caused immense?civilian casualties and property losses?as well as?humanitarian catastrophes. Since 2001, the wars and military operations that the US?launched in the name of fighting terrorism have killed more than 900,000 people, including some 335,000 civilians, injured millions and displaced tens of millions.

美國(guó)無(wú)視《聯(lián)合國(guó)海洋法公約》和國(guó)際法原則，無(wú)視亞太國(guó)家和太平洋島國(guó)在國(guó)際地區(qū)事務(wù)中的民主權(quán)利，在日本政府迄未就福島核污水處置問(wèn)題同利益攸關(guān)方和有關(guān)國(guó)際機(jī)構(gòu)充分協(xié)商、未提供足夠的科學(xué)和事實(shí)依據(jù)、未解決國(guó)際社會(huì)正當(dāng)關(guān)切情況下，公然支持日排污決定，為日撐腰。另一方面，美政府卻以“放射性核素污染”為由，禁止進(jìn)口日本福島周邊地區(qū)食品農(nóng)產(chǎn)品，凸顯“美式雙標(biāo)”虛偽。

Paying no heed to the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea and principles of international law, or to?the democratic rights?of?Asia-Pacific countries?and Pacific island countries in regional and international affairs,?the US has emboldened Japan by expressly supporting its decision to discharge the nuclear waste water from Fukushima, even though the government of Japan has not yet fully consulted?stakeholders and relevant international agencies on the disposal, not yet provided sufficient scientific and factual grounds for its behavior, and?not yet addressed?the legitimate concerns?of the international community. On the other hand, the US administration, citing "radionuclide contamination",?banned the import of Japanese food and agricultural products from areas around Fukushima, exposing the hypocrisy of typical US-style double standards.

美國(guó)在南太地區(qū)推行冷戰(zhàn)思維，伙同英國(guó)、澳大利亞拼湊“三邊安全伙伴關(guān)系”，大搞種族主義“小圈子”，承諾同英幫澳建造至少8艘核潛艇。美方行徑既嚴(yán)重違背《不擴(kuò)散核武器條約》和《南太平洋無(wú)核區(qū)條約》精神，在核擴(kuò)散邊緣瘋狂試探，帶來(lái)巨大風(fēng)險(xiǎn)隱患；同時(shí)也開(kāi)啟地區(qū)軍備競(jìng)賽的“潘多拉魔盒”，給地區(qū)和平、安全和穩(wěn)定蒙上陰影。

Advancing the Cold War mentality in the South Pacific region, the ?US has ganged up?with the UK and Australia to put together AUKUS, a racist clique, and pledged to help Australia build at least eight nuclear submarines together with the UK. The move constitutes a serious violation of the principles of the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons?and the?South Pacific Nuclear?Free Zone?Treaty, treading a reckless line on the brink of nuclear proliferation?and creating tremendous risks. It has also opened the Pandora's box of regional arms race, casting a shadow over regional peace, security and stability.

2022年6月第九屆美洲峰會(huì)召開(kāi)前夕，巴拿馬國(guó)際問(wèn)題專(zhuān)家胡里奧·姚在當(dāng)?shù)孛襟w撰文稱(chēng)，今天的美國(guó)是國(guó)際法的絕對(duì)叛徒，是國(guó)際關(guān)系中使用粗暴蠻力最真實(shí)的化身。美國(guó)是唯一沒(méi)有簽署或批準(zhǔn)任何人權(quán)條約的國(guó)家，也未批準(zhǔn)《聯(lián)合國(guó)海洋法公約》。美國(guó)是唯一一個(gè)未禁止秘密生物武器的國(guó)家，在境外擁有兩百多個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)室。美國(guó)舉辦美洲峰會(huì)的唯一目的，就是把拉美卷入烏克蘭戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)，并達(dá)到分裂和削弱拉美的目的。

Prior to?the ninth Summit of the Americas?in June 2022, Julio Yao, a Panamanian expert on international issues, wrote in local media that today's US is an absolute?renegade?of?international law, and the most genuinely authentic personification of the use of brute force in international relations. The US?is the only country that has not signed or ratified any?human rights treaty,?and is not a party to the?United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea. It?is the only country that does not ban secret biological weapons, with more than 200 laboratories outside its borders. The only thing that the US intends to do with the Summit of the Americas is to involve?Latin America?and the Caribbean?in?the war in Ukraine and to divide and weaken them.

2022年8月，《南華早報(bào)》刊文稱(chēng)，美西方等所謂“民主國(guó)家”無(wú)情削弱國(guó)際規(guī)則基礎(chǔ)，只在對(duì)自己有利時(shí)加以利用。美西方在譴責(zé)俄羅斯“入侵”烏克蘭的同時(shí)，全然忘記了自己在全球開(kāi)展的一系列干預(yù)顛覆行動(dòng)。美國(guó)的做法破壞了世界經(jīng)濟(jì)，讓更多中等收入國(guó)家陷入債務(wù)危機(jī)。當(dāng)強(qiáng)國(guó)有選擇性地遵循自己制定的規(guī)則時(shí)，整個(gè)體系就失去了可信度。

In August 2022, a?South China Morning Post?article?noted that the so-called "democracies" of the US and the West have been relentlessly chipping away at the foundations of international rules and exploiting them when it's convenient. While the US and the West denounce Russia's "invasion" of Ukraine, they forget their serial interventions, subversions and interference across the globe. What the US did has smashed up the world economy, thereby exposing more middle-income countries to debt crises. When the big powers are selective in following the rules they wrote, the whole system loses credibility.

（五）炮制“民主對(duì)抗威權(quán)”虛假敘事?

5. Foisting a trumped-up narrative of "democracy versus authoritarianism"?

當(dāng)前，美國(guó)政府抱持冷戰(zhàn)思維，沿襲霸權(quán)邏輯，推行集團(tuán)政治，炮制“民主對(duì)抗威權(quán)”敘事，給有關(guān)國(guó)家扣上“威權(quán)”的帽子，實(shí)質(zhì)是打著民主旗號(hào)，將意識(shí)形態(tài)和價(jià)值觀(guān)作為打壓他國(guó)、推進(jìn)地緣戰(zhàn)略的工具。

Harboring the Cold War mentality, a hegemonic logic and a preference for bloc politics, the US administration has framed a narrative of "democracy versus authoritarianism", and labeled countries as "autocracies", with a view to using ideology and values as a tool to suppress other countries and advance its own geostrategy?under the disguise of democracy.

2021年，美國(guó)舉辦首屆“領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人民主峰會(huì)”，公然以意識(shí)形態(tài)劃線(xiàn)，人為將國(guó)際社會(huì)分成所謂“民主和不民主陣營(yíng)”，遭到包括美國(guó)社會(huì)自身在內(nèi)的多方質(zhì)疑。《外交事務(wù)》《外交學(xué)人》刊文批評(píng)民主峰會(huì)是找錯(cuò)了目標(biāo)，不但未能實(shí)現(xiàn)民主國(guó)家團(tuán)結(jié)，反而因參加國(guó)代表性問(wèn)題飽受批評(píng)。美國(guó)歷來(lái)在全球推行民主都缺乏既定目標(biāo)，被吹得天花亂墜的口號(hào)往往落實(shí)緩慢。在美國(guó)自身民主情況如此糟糕形勢(shì)下，召開(kāi)民主峰會(huì)不僅不能提振全球民主，反而制造出更大地緣政治危機(jī)。日本國(guó)際戰(zhàn)略研究所理事長(zhǎng)田中均指出，美國(guó)將所謂“民主”強(qiáng)加于他國(guó)，發(fā)起“民主對(duì)抗威權(quán)”，擴(kuò)大世界分裂，日本不應(yīng)盲目跟隨。

In 2021, the US held the first "Summit for Democracy", attempting to divide the international community into so-called "democratic and undemocratic camps" by openly drawing an ideological line. The move drew?questions?extensively, including?from within the US. Both Foreign Affairs?and The Diplomat?carried articles criticizing the summit as chasing?the wrong goal, not only failing to achieve unity among democratic countries, but also drawing criticism for the representation issue. The US has long lacked a set goal in its promotion of democracy around the world, and has been slow in following up its?rhetoric. When democracy in the US is in such a mess, holding a democracy summit cannot boost democracy around the world, but more likely create a greater geopolitical crisis. Hitoshi Tanaka, Chairman of the Institute for International Strategy of Japan, pointed out that the US has been imposing "democracy" on other countries, advancing the "democracy versus authoritarianism"?campaign, and expanding global division. Japan should not blindly follow suit.

把本國(guó)定義為民主，把別國(guó)定義為威權(quán)，這本身就是不民主的表現(xiàn)。所謂“民主對(duì)抗威權(quán)”不是當(dāng)今世界的特點(diǎn)，更不符合時(shí)代發(fā)展的潮流。白俄羅斯國(guó)家電視一臺(tái)評(píng)稱(chēng)，峰會(huì)與會(huì)者名單顯然是根據(jù)美國(guó)的“自由標(biāo)準(zhǔn)”制定，但問(wèn)題在于：為什么美國(guó)認(rèn)為自己可以壟斷對(duì)民主的定義和理解，并告訴其他國(guó)家民主應(yīng)該是什么樣？新加坡《海峽時(shí)報(bào)》刊文指出，美國(guó)必須意識(shí)到，其民主體制已失去昔日光彩，不再是黃金標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。民主沒(méi)有固定模式，美國(guó)對(duì)民主定義不再有絕對(duì)發(fā)言權(quán)，這是不爭(zhēng)的事實(shí)。美國(guó)應(yīng)務(wù)實(shí)地重新評(píng)估其外交方式，注重合作而不是對(duì)抗。

To brand oneself as democracy while others as autocracies is in itself an act contrary to democracy. The so-called "democracy versus authoritarianism" narrative does not reflect the realities of today’s world, nor is it in line with the trend of the times. "Belarus 1", a?state television station of Belarus, commented that the list of participants?to the summit was clearly based on the US standard of "freedom", but the question was how could the US believe that it could monopolize the definition and interpretation of democracy, and tell others what democracy should look like. Singapore's Straits Times carried a column that said the US must realize that American democracy has lost its former luster, and is no longer the gold standard. There is no fixed model of democracy, and the US no longer has an absolute say over what democracy means. That is the truth. The US should pragmatically reassess its diplomatic methods and focus on cooperation instead of confrontation.

盡管美國(guó)民主在國(guó)內(nèi)外的得分都處于歷史低點(diǎn)，但美國(guó)對(duì)外輸出美式民主和價(jià)值觀(guān)的沖動(dòng)卻高燒不退，甚至走火入魔。美國(guó)不僅拼湊“三邊安全伙伴關(guān)系”“四邊機(jī)制”“五眼聯(lián)盟”等各種價(jià)值觀(guān)同盟，還試圖在經(jīng)貿(mào)科技人文等領(lǐng)域以意識(shí)形態(tài)劃線(xiàn)，鼓吹冷戰(zhàn)思維，干擾破壞正常國(guó)際合作?？ㄋ柊雿u電視臺(tái)評(píng)稱(chēng)，在人們對(duì)美國(guó)民主制度的信任出現(xiàn)倒退之際，美國(guó)仍堅(jiān)持舉辦民主峰會(huì)、充當(dāng)全球民主領(lǐng)袖，引起普遍質(zhì)疑。美利堅(jiān)大學(xué)國(guó)際關(guān)系教授詹姆斯·戈德蓋爾說(shuō)，美國(guó)已失去信譽(yù)，美國(guó)政府應(yīng)舉行一次國(guó)內(nèi)民主峰會(huì)，聚焦美國(guó)國(guó)內(nèi)的不公正和不平等，包括投票權(quán)和虛假信息等問(wèn)題。大西洋理事會(huì)高級(jí)研究員艾瑪·阿什福德指出，如果美國(guó)國(guó)內(nèi)幾乎沒(méi)有正常運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)的民主制度，它怎么能傳播民主或?yàn)槠渌麌?guó)家樹(shù)立榜樣？《南華早報(bào)》指出，峰會(huì)反映出美國(guó)在民主問(wèn)題上的兩條迷思：一是全球民主在冷戰(zhàn)結(jié)束后發(fā)生倒退，需要美國(guó)來(lái)改變現(xiàn)狀；二是美國(guó)是世界上最重要的民主國(guó)家，其全球領(lǐng)導(dǎo)力對(duì)其他國(guó)家至關(guān)重要。這完全無(wú)視美國(guó)自身民主不斷倒退的事實(shí)，也無(wú)視絕大多數(shù)國(guó)家不愿被美國(guó)虛偽“民主理念”綁架的心聲，更無(wú)視廣大發(fā)展中國(guó)家發(fā)展經(jīng)濟(jì)和改善民生的強(qiáng)烈愿望。

Despite unprecedentedly low ratings of US democracy at home and abroad, the country’s hysteria?to export US-style democracy and values?continues unabated. The US has not only cobbled together values-based alliances such as?AUKUS, the Quad and the Five Eyes, but also attempted to disrupt and undermine normal international cooperation in economy, trade, science, technology, culture and people-to-people exchanges by drawing ideological lines and trumpeting the Cold War mentality. Al Jazeera observed that the US?insistence on holding a democracy summit and acting as a global democratic leader even when trust in its own democratic system is declining has raised?widespread suspicion. James Goldgeier, professor of international relations at American University, said the US has lost?its credibility, and that its administration should hold a domestic democracy summit to focus on injustice and inequality, including issues such as voting rights and disinformation. Emma Ashford, senior fellow at the Atlantic Council, questioned?how can the US spread democracy or act as an example for others if it barely has a functioning democracy at home. The South China Morning Post?pointed out that the summit reflected two myths about US democracy: First, global advance of democracy since the end of the Cold War?is backsliding and it needs the US to reverse it; second, the US is the most important democracy in the world and its global leadership is paramount for other countries. These two myths completely ignore the democratic backsliding in the US, the rejection of the overwhelming majority of countries to being?kidnapped by the hypocritical "concept of democracy" of the US, and the strong desire of developing countries to grow their?economies and raise living standards.

四、結(jié)束語(yǔ)

IV. Conclusion

民主是全人類(lèi)的共同價(jià)值，但世界上不存在適用于一切國(guó)家的政治制度模式。人類(lèi)文明的花園豐富多彩，各國(guó)的民主也應(yīng)百花齊放。美國(guó)有美國(guó)式民主，中國(guó)有中國(guó)式民主，各國(guó)也都有適合各自國(guó)情的獨(dú)特模式的民主。一個(gè)國(guó)家是不是民主，如何更好地實(shí)現(xiàn)民主，應(yīng)由這個(gè)國(guó)家的人民來(lái)評(píng)判，而不應(yīng)由少數(shù)自以為是的國(guó)家來(lái)指手畫(huà)腳。

Democracy is humanity's common value; however, there is no single model of political system that is applicable to all countries in the world. Human civilization, if compared to a garden, should be a diverse place in which democracy in different countries blooms like a hundred flowers. The US has American-style democracy, China has Chinese-style democracy, and other countries?have their own unique models?of democracy that suit?their respective national conditions. It should be up to the people of a country to judge whether the country is democratic or not and how to better promote democracy?in their country. The few self-righteous countries have no right to point fingers.

弊病纏身依然好為人師沒(méi)有說(shuō)服力，打著民主幌子損人利己、搞亂世界應(yīng)受到一致反對(duì)，把世界各國(guó)簡(jiǎn)單分為民主和威權(quán)兩類(lèi)缺乏現(xiàn)代性和科學(xué)性。當(dāng)今世界需要的，不是以民主的名義制造分裂，推行事實(shí)上唯我獨(dú)尊的單邊主義，而是在《聯(lián)合國(guó)憲章》宗旨和原則基礎(chǔ)上加強(qiáng)團(tuán)結(jié)合作，堅(jiān)持真正的多邊主義。當(dāng)今世界需要的，不是打著民主的幌子干涉別國(guó)內(nèi)政，而是弘揚(yáng)真民主、摒棄偽民主，共同推進(jìn)國(guó)際關(guān)系民主化。當(dāng)今世界需要的，不是渲染對(duì)抗、無(wú)益于攜手應(yīng)對(duì)全球性挑戰(zhàn)的“民主峰會(huì)”，而是多干實(shí)事、著眼解決國(guó)際社會(huì)面臨突出問(wèn)題的團(tuán)結(jié)大會(huì)。

Those who have many flaws themselves have little credibility to lecture others. Attempts to undermine others for one's own profit and destabilize the world must be unanimously opposed. A black-and-white division of countries as democratic or authoritarian is both anachronistic and arbitrary. What our world needs today is not to stoke division in the name of democracy and?pursue de facto supremacy-oriented?unilateralism, but to strengthen solidarity and cooperation and uphold true multilateralism on the basis of the purposes and principles of the UN Charter. What our world needs today is not to interfere in other countries'?internal affairs under the guise of democracy, but to advocate genuine democracy, reject?pseudo-democracy and jointly promote?greater democracy in international relations. What our world needs today is not a "Summit for Democracy" that hypes up confrontation and contributes nothing to the collective response to global challenges, but a conference of solidarity that focuses on taking real actions to solve prominent global challenges.

自由、民主、人權(quán)是人類(lèi)的共同追求，也是中國(guó)共產(chǎn)黨一貫追求的價(jià)值。中國(guó)堅(jiān)持和發(fā)展全過(guò)程人民民主，把人民當(dāng)家作主具體和現(xiàn)實(shí)地體現(xiàn)到中國(guó)共產(chǎn)黨治國(guó)理政之中。中國(guó)愿就民主問(wèn)題同各國(guó)加強(qiáng)交流互鑒，弘揚(yáng)和平、發(fā)展、公平、正義、民主、自由的全人類(lèi)共同價(jià)值，推動(dòng)國(guó)際關(guān)系民主化，為人類(lèi)進(jìn)步事業(yè)作出新的更大貢獻(xiàn)。

Freedom, democracy and human rights are the common pursuit of humanity, and values that the Communist Party of China?(CPC) always pursues. China commits to and advances?whole-process people’s democracy, and?puts into action the principle of people running the?country in the CPC's exercise of national governance in specific and concrete ways. China stands ready?to strengthen exchanges and mutual learning with other countries on the issue of democracy, advocate humanity's common values of peace, development, equity, justice, democracy and freedom, promote greater democracy in international relations, and make new and greater contributions to?human progress.