劉鶴在世界經(jīng)濟論壇2023年年會上的特別致辭（上）
2023/1/19 8:32:06來源：英文巴士
大家上午好！非常感謝施瓦布先生的邀請，讓我有機會再次來到美麗的達沃斯。我上次參加達沃斯論壇是2018年。五年過去了，我們經(jīng)歷了各種出乎意料的事件，世界政治經(jīng)濟圖景已經(jīng)發(fā)生深刻變化。在這樣的背景下，今年年會以“在分裂的世界中加強合作”為主題，意義重大。Good morning! Let me begin by thanking Dr. Schwab for inviting me to Davos again. The last time I came here was 2018. Over the past five years, we have experienced all kinds of unexpected events, and witnessed profound changes in the world’s political and economic landscape. Therefore, the theme of this year’s Annual Meeting, “Cooperation in a Fragmented World”, cannot be more relevant.相互了解是加強合作的重要前提。線上交流再多，技術(shù)手段再先進，也代替不了直接見面。我這兩天見了不少老朋友，感到非常溫暖。借此機會，我想當面向大家簡要介紹中國經(jīng)濟的情況。2022年，中國順利完成了重要國內(nèi)政治議程，成功召開中共二十大，選舉產(chǎn)生了以習近平主席為核心的新的中央領(lǐng)導(dǎo)集體，擘畫了未來五年乃至更長時期中國式現(xiàn)代化發(fā)展的宏偉藍圖。Mutual understanding is an important prerequisite for cooperation. Online communication, no matter how frequent or how technologically advanced, is no substitute for in-person meetings. I had quite a number of very warm meetings with some old friends these two days. Hopefully, at this face-to-face meeting, I can help you understand the Chinese economy better.In 2022, China completed its major political agenda. We held the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China (CPC), and elected the new central leadership with President Xi Jinping at its core. We drew up an ambitious blueprint for advancing Chinese modernization in the coming five years and beyond.我們在不久前召開了中國的年度中央經(jīng)濟工作會議，按照中共二十大精神，對2023年經(jīng)濟工作作出部署。從2022年情況看，中國經(jīng)濟增長3%，保持了就業(yè)穩(wěn)定、物價穩(wěn)定，城鎮(zhèn)調(diào)查失業(yè)率5.6%，居民消費價格指數(shù)2%，經(jīng)常項目順差占GDP比重略高于2%。2023年，我們將堅持穩(wěn)中求進工作總基調(diào)，繼續(xù)實施積極的財政政策和穩(wěn)健的貨幣政策，努力保持合理的經(jīng)濟增長，保持物價和就業(yè)總體穩(wěn)定。我們要著力擴大國內(nèi)需求，推動產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈供應(yīng)鏈循環(huán)暢通，支持民營經(jīng)濟健康發(fā)展，深化國有企業(yè)改革，歡迎更多外資來華，防范化解經(jīng)濟金融風險。我們相信，經(jīng)過努力，2023年中國經(jīng)濟將實現(xiàn)整體性好轉(zhuǎn)，增速達到正常水平是大概率事件，預(yù)計今年進口會明顯增加，企業(yè)會加大投資力度，居民消費會回歸常態(tài)。Last month, we held the annual Central Economic Work Conference to make plans for 2023 in line with the deployment of the 20th CPC National Congress. In 2022, China’s growth was 3%. And we managed to keep jobs and prices stable. Urban surveyed unemployment rate was 5.6 percent, CPI was two percent, and current account surplus was slightly above two percent of GDP.In 2023, we will continue to try to make progress while maintaining stability, and follow a proactive fiscal policy and a prudent monetary policy. We will strive to maintain reasonable economic growth, and keep prices and jobs stable. More focus will be placed on expanding domestic demand, keeping supply chains stable, supporting the private sector, reforming the state-owned enterprises (SOEs), attracting foreign investment, and preventing economic and financial risks.If we work hard enough, we are confident that growth will most likely return to its normal trend, and the Chinese economy will see a significant improvement in 2023. A noticeable increase of import, more investment by companies, and consumption returning back to normal can be expected.
回顧過去十年，中國GDP從54萬億元增加到121萬億元，人均預(yù)期壽命從74.8歲提高到78.2歲，對世界經(jīng)濟增長的貢獻率達到36%左右。能夠取得這樣的成績，至少有五點經(jīng)驗：第一，必須堅持發(fā)展是第一要務(wù)，堅持以經(jīng)濟建設(shè)為中心。在新的形勢下，要完整全面準確貫徹創(chuàng)新、協(xié)調(diào)、綠色、開放、共享的新發(fā)展理念，有力推動經(jīng)濟高質(zhì)量發(fā)展。第二，必須堅持社會主義市場經(jīng)濟改革方向。充分發(fā)揮市場在資源配置中的決定性作用，更好發(fā)揮政府作用。有的人說中國要搞計劃經(jīng)濟，這是絕對不可能的。要堅定不移深化國有企業(yè)改革，毫不動搖支持民營經(jīng)濟發(fā)展壯大，促進公平競爭，反對壟斷，弘揚企業(yè)家精神。第三，必須堅持全方位擴大對外開放。對外開放是中國的基本國策，開放是促進改革和發(fā)展、推動中國經(jīng)濟進步的重要動力，中國的大門只會越開越大。第四，必須堅持依法治國。依法保護產(chǎn)權(quán)和知識產(chǎn)權(quán)，營造市場化、法治化、國際化的營商環(huán)境。無論政府行為還是市場行為，都必須在法治軌道上運行。第五，必須堅持創(chuàng)新驅(qū)動發(fā)展。大力推動創(chuàng)新，發(fā)展教育，重視人力資本的提升，重視金融、科技、產(chǎn)業(yè)的三角循環(huán)，努力提高勞動生產(chǎn)率。這些經(jīng)驗是我們從改革開放以來一直奉行的重要做法，必須長期堅持，毫不動搖。Over the past ten years, China’s GDP grew from 54 trillion to 121 trillion yuan; average life expectancy rose from 74.8 to 78.2 years; and contribution to global growth reached around 36 percent. There are five things that we always bear in mind in making such achievements.First, we must always take economic development as the primary and central task. Under the new circumstances, guided by the philosophy of innovative, coordinated, green, open and shared development, high-quality economic development must always be our goal.Second, we must always make establishing a socialist market economy the direction of our reform. We must let the market play a decisive role in resources allocation, let the government play a better role. (Some people say China will go for the planned economy. That’s by no means possible.) We will deepen SOE reform, support the private sector, and promote fair competition, anti-monopoly and entrepreneurship.Third, we must always promote all-round opening-up. Opening-up, as a basic state policy, is a catalyst of reform and development, and a key driver of economic progress in China. China’s door to the outside will only open wider.Fourth, we must always uphold the rule of law. We must protect property rights and IPRs in accordance with the law. We must create a world-class and market-oriented business environment underpinned by a sound legal framework. Both government and market activities must stay within the confines of law.Fifth, we must pursue innovation-driven development. We must promote innovation and education, grow human capital, foster a sound interaction of finance, technology and industry, and boost productivity.The above five points are the important experience we have learned and gained since China started its reform and opening-up. We must stick to them and never waver in our commitment.在這里，我想再簡要介紹三個問題。第一，中國防范化解金融風險特別是房地產(chǎn)業(yè)相關(guān)風險的情況；第二，中國促進經(jīng)濟雙循環(huán)的考慮；第三，中國推動共同富裕的考慮。Let me also briefly touch upon three issues about the Chinese economy you might be interested in: first, where we are in resolving financial risks, those in the real estate sector in particular; second, our thinking on the dual circulation; third, the rationale behind China’s goal of common prosperity.過去五年中國出現(xiàn)一些金融風險，主要是由于宏觀經(jīng)濟下行、金融監(jiān)管不嚴、經(jīng)營主體盲目擴張、內(nèi)部人控制等因素共同造成的。我們打了一場攻堅戰(zhàn)，果斷處置了一批高風險大型企業(yè)集團，處置高風險中小金融機構(gòu)，處置不良資產(chǎn)，壓縮影子銀行規(guī)模，應(yīng)對資本市場異常波動。經(jīng)過努力，中國的金融體系總體保持了穩(wěn)健，守住了不發(fā)生系統(tǒng)性風險的底線。我們正在制定《金融穩(wěn)定法》，為下一步化解金融風險、維護金融穩(wěn)定提供法律保障。The financial risks that emerged in China over the past five years are a result of multiple factors, including macroeconomic downturn, loose financial supervision, imprudent business expansion, and insider control.We fought a tough battle to address these risks. We dealt with conglomerates as well as small and medium-sized financial institutions of high risks, disposed of distressed assets, curbed shadow banking activities, and handled unusual volatility in the capital market.
Thanks to these efforts, we have managed to maintain overall financial stability and prevented systemic risks. We are drafting the Financial Stability Law right now, which is expected to provide legal safeguards for defusing risks and maintaining financial stability as we go forward.
