中國的亞太安全合作政策
China’s Policies on Asia-Pacific Security Cooperation
中華人民共和國國務(wù)院新聞辦公室
The State Council Information Office of the People’s Republic of China
2017年1月
January 2017
目錄
Contents
前言
Preface
一、中國對亞太安全合作的政策主張
I. China’s Policies and Positions on Asia-Pacific Security Cooperation
二、中國的亞太安全理念
II. China’s Security Vision for the Asia-Pacific Region
三、中國與地區(qū)其他主要國家的關(guān)系
III. China’s Relations with Other Major Asia-Pacific Countries
四、中國在地區(qū)熱點問題上的立場和主張
IV. China’s Positions and Views on Regional Hotspot Issues
五、中國參與亞太地區(qū)主要多邊機(jī)制
V. China’s Participation in Major Multilateral Mechanisms in the Asia-Pacific Region
六、中國參與地區(qū)非傳統(tǒng)安全合作
VI. China’s Participation in Regional Non-Traditional Security Cooperation
結(jié)束語
Conclusion
前言
Preface
亞洲和太平洋地區(qū)地域廣闊，國家眾多，擁有全世界60%的人口，經(jīng)濟(jì)和貿(mào)易總量分別占全球總額的近六成和一半，在世界格局中具有重要戰(zhàn)略地位。近年來，亞太地區(qū)的發(fā)展日益引人注目，成為全球最具發(fā)展活力和潛力的地區(qū)，地區(qū)國家進(jìn)一步加大對亞太地區(qū)的重視和投入。隨著國際關(guān)系格局的深刻調(diào)整，亞太地區(qū)格局也在發(fā)生重要深刻變化。
The Asia-Pacific region covers a vast area with numerous countries and 60 percent of the world’s population. Its economic and trade volumes take up nearly 60 percent and half of the world’s total, respectively. It has an important strategic position in the world. In recent years, the development of the Asia-Pacific region has increasingly caught people’s attention. It has become the most dynamic region with the strongest potential in the world. All parties are attaching greater importance to and investing more in this region. With the profound adjustment of the pattern of international relations, the regional situation of the Asia-Pacific area is also undergoing profound changes.
中國一直致力于維護(hù)亞太地區(qū)的和平與穩(wěn)定，堅持走和平發(fā)展道路，堅持互利共贏的開放戰(zhàn)略，堅持在和平共處五項原則基礎(chǔ)上同所有國家發(fā)展友好合作，全面參與區(qū)域合作，積極應(yīng)對傳統(tǒng)安全和非傳統(tǒng)安全挑戰(zhàn)，為推動建設(shè)持久和平、共同繁榮的亞太不懈努力。
China is committed to promoting peace and stability in this region. It follows the path of peaceful development and the mutually beneficial strategy of opening-up, and pursues friendly cooperation with all countries on the basis of the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence. It has participated in regional cooperation in an all-round way and taken active steps in response to both traditional and non-traditional security challenges, contributing to lasting peace and common prosperity in the Asia-Pacific region.
一、中國對亞太安全合作的政策主張
I. China’s Policies and Positions on Asia-Pacific Security Cooperation
當(dāng)前，亞太地區(qū)形勢總體穩(wěn)定向好，和平與發(fā)展的勢頭依然強勁，是當(dāng)前全球格局中的穩(wěn)定板塊。促和平、求穩(wěn)定、謀發(fā)展是多數(shù)國家的戰(zhàn)略取向和共同訴求。亞太國家間政治互信不斷增強，大國互動頻繁并總體保持合作態(tài)勢。通過對話協(xié)商處理分歧和爭端是各國主要政策取向，地區(qū)熱點和爭議問題基本可控。亞太經(jīng)濟(jì)保持平穩(wěn)較快增長，處于世界經(jīng)濟(jì)增長“高地”。區(qū)域一體化加速推進(jìn)，次區(qū)域合作蓬勃發(fā)展。各類自貿(mào)安排穩(wěn)步推進(jìn)，互聯(lián)互通建設(shè)進(jìn)入新一輪活躍期。同時，亞太地區(qū)仍面臨諸多不穩(wěn)定、不確定因素。朝鮮半島問題復(fù)雜敏感，阿富汗和解進(jìn)程進(jìn)展緩慢，領(lǐng)土主權(quán)和海洋權(quán)益爭端繼續(xù)發(fā)酵。一些國家加大在亞太軍事部署，個別國家推動軍事松綁，部分國家經(jīng)歷復(fù)雜政治社會轉(zhuǎn)型，恐怖主義、自然災(zāi)害、跨國犯罪等非傳統(tǒng)安全威脅日益突出。受自身結(jié)構(gòu)性問題和外部經(jīng)濟(jì)金融風(fēng)險等影響，亞洲經(jīng)濟(jì)仍面臨較大下行壓力。作為亞太大家庭中的重要一員，中國深知自身和平發(fā)展與亞太未來息息相關(guān)，一直以來以促進(jìn)亞太繁榮穩(wěn)定為己任。中國愿同地區(qū)國家秉持合作共贏理念，扎實推進(jìn)安全對話合作，共同維護(hù)亞太和平與穩(wěn)定的良好局面。
Currently, the situation in the Asia-Pacific region is stable on the whole, with a strong momentum for peace and development. The Asia-Pacific region is a stable part of the global landscape. To promote peace and seek stability and development is the strategic goal and common aspiration of most countries in the region. Political mutual trust among countries has been strengthened, and major countries have frequently interacted and cooperated with one another. To address differences and disputes through negotiation and consultation is the major policy of countries in the region. Regional hotspot issues and disputes are basically under control. The region has secured steady and relatively fast growth, continuing to lead the world in this respect. Regional integration has gathered pace, with booming sub-regional cooperation. Free trade arrangements in various forms have made steady progress, and a new phase has emerged for dynamic connectivity building. However, the Asia-Pacific region still faces multiple destabilizing and uncertain factors. The nuclear issue on the Korean Peninsula is complex and sensitive; the reconciliation process in Afghanistan remains slow; and disputes over territorial sovereignty and maritime rights and interests continue to unfold. Some countries are increasing their military deployment in the region, certain country seeks to shake off military constraints, and some countries are undergoing complex political and social transformations. Non-traditional security threats such as terrorism, natural disasters and transnational crimes have become more prominent. Asia’s economy still faces significant downward pressure as a result of its structural problems as well as external economic and financial risks.
As an important member of the Asia-Pacific family, China is fully aware that its peaceful development is closely linked with the future of the region. China has all along taken the advancement of regional prosperity and stability as its own responsibility. China is ready to pursue security through dialogue and cooperation in the spirit of working together for mutually beneficial results, and safeguard peace and stability jointly with other countries in the region.
第一，促進(jìn)共同發(fā)展，夯實亞太和平穩(wěn)定的經(jīng)濟(jì)基礎(chǔ)。擴(kuò)大經(jīng)濟(jì)利益融合是國家間關(guān)系的重要基礎(chǔ)，實現(xiàn)共同發(fā)展是維護(hù)和平穩(wěn)定的根本保障，是解決各類安全問題的“總鑰匙”。亞太地區(qū)在經(jīng)濟(jì)合作方面已取得不少成果，應(yīng)在此基礎(chǔ)上加快經(jīng)濟(jì)一體化進(jìn)程，繼續(xù)推進(jìn)自貿(mào)區(qū)建設(shè)和互聯(lián)互通，促進(jìn)經(jīng)濟(jì)社會全面發(fā)展。落實聯(lián)合國2030年可持續(xù)發(fā)展議程，縮小區(qū)內(nèi)發(fā)展差距，讓各國和各階層民眾共享發(fā)展紅利，拉緊各國利益紐帶。
First, we should promote common development and lay a solid economic foundation for peace and stability in the Asia-Pacific region. To enhance the convergence of economic interests is an important basis for sound state-to-state relations. Common development provides a fundamental safeguard for peace and stability, and holds the key to various security issues. Considerable achievements have been made in economic cooperation. On this basis, we should accelerate the process of economic integration and continue to advance the building of free trade areas and connectivity as well as comprehensive economic and social development. We should implement the United Nations 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and narrow the developmental gap in the region, so that all countries and people of all social strata will enjoy the dividends of development, and the interests of countries will be more closely intertwined.
著眼于共同發(fā)展，中國提出并積極推動“一帶一路”建設(shè)，倡議成立了亞洲基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施投資銀行和絲路基金。中國歡迎各國繼續(xù)積極參與，實現(xiàn)互利共贏。
Focusing on common development, China has put forward and actively promoted the Belt and Road Initiative and initiated the establishment of the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank and the Silk Road Fund. We welcome continued participation by all countries for mutually beneficial outcomes.
第二，推進(jìn)伙伴關(guān)系建設(shè)，筑牢亞太和平穩(wěn)定的政治根基。亞太地區(qū)國家具有獨特的多樣性。志同道合是伙伴，求同存異同樣可以成為伙伴，關(guān)鍵在于平等相待、合作共贏。亞太大國對維護(hù)地區(qū)和平與發(fā)展至關(guān)重要，應(yīng)客觀理性看待他方戰(zhàn)略意圖，拋棄冷戰(zhàn)思維，相互尊重正當(dāng)合理的利益關(guān)切，加強良性互動，合作應(yīng)對地區(qū)挑戰(zhàn)。中小國家沒有必要也不應(yīng)在大國之間選邊站隊。地區(qū)國家應(yīng)共同努力，走“對話而不對抗，結(jié)伴而不結(jié)盟”的新路，共建互信、包容、合作、共贏的亞太伙伴關(guān)系。
Second, we should promote the building of partnerships and strengthen the political foundation for peace and stability in the Asia-Pacific region. Asia-Pacific countries have unique diversities. Countries may become partners when they have the same values and ideals, but they can also be partners if they seek common ground while reserving differences. The key is to remain committed to treating each other as equals and carrying out mutually beneficial cooperation. How major countries in the Asia-Pacific region get along with each other is critical for maintaining regional peace and development. Major countries should treat the strategic intentions of others in an objective and rational manner, reject the Cold War mentality, respect others’ legitimate interests and concerns, strengthen positive interactions and respond to challenges with concerted efforts. Small and medium-sized countries need not and should not take sides among big countries. All countries should make joint efforts to pursue a new path of dialogue instead of confrontation and pursue partnerships rather than alliances, and build an Asia-Pacific partnership featuring mutual trust, inclusiveness and mutually beneficial cooperation.
中國提出構(gòu)建以合作共贏為核心的新型國際關(guān)系，致力于同各國、各地區(qū)組織建立不同形式的伙伴關(guān)系。中國致力于與美國構(gòu)建不沖突不對抗、相互尊重、合作共贏的新型大國關(guān)系，與俄羅斯不斷深化全面戰(zhàn)略協(xié)作伙伴關(guān)系，與印度積極構(gòu)建更加緊密的發(fā)展伙伴關(guān)系，推動中日關(guān)系持續(xù)改善。中國領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人多次在不同場合闡述命運共同體理念，積極推動構(gòu)建瀾滄江—湄公河國家命運共同體和中國—東盟命運共同體，推動亞洲命運共同體和亞太命運共同體建設(shè)。
China calls for the building of a new model of international relations centered on mutually beneficial cooperation. China is committed to building partnerships in different forms with all countries and regional organizations. China has committed itself to working with the United States to build a new model of major-country relations featuring non-conflict, non-confrontation, mutual respect, and mutually beneficial cooperation. China is committed to deepening its comprehensive strategic partnership of coordination with Russia and establishing a closer partnership with India. It is also pushing for the improvement of its relations with Japan. Chinese leaders have repeatedly elaborated on the concept of a community of shared future on many different occasions. China is working to construct a community of shared future for countries along the Lancang-Mekong River and between China and the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) as well as in Asia and the Asia-Pacific area as a whole.
第三，完善現(xiàn)有地區(qū)多邊機(jī)制，鞏固亞太和平穩(wěn)定的框架支撐。地區(qū)國家應(yīng)堅持多邊主義，反對單邊主義，繼續(xù)支持地區(qū)多邊安全機(jī)制發(fā)展，推動相關(guān)機(jī)制密切協(xié)調(diào)配合，為增進(jìn)相互理解與互信、擴(kuò)大安全對話交流與合作發(fā)揮更大作用。
Third, we should improve the existing regional multilateral mechanisms and strengthen the framework for supporting peace and stability in the Asia-Pacific region. All parties concerned should adhere to multilateralism, oppose unilateralism, further support the development of regional multilateral security mechanisms, push for close coordination between relevant mechanisms, and play a bigger role in enhancing mutual understanding and trust, and expanding exchanges and cooperation in the field of security dialogues.
中國致力于推進(jìn)地區(qū)安全機(jī)制建設(shè)，同有關(guān)國家共同發(fā)起成立上海合作組織和六方會談，搭建香山論壇平臺，建立中國—東盟執(zhí)法安全合作部長級對話機(jī)制、籌建瀾滄江—湄公河綜合執(zhí)法安全合作中心，積極支持亞洲相互協(xié)作與信任措施會議加強能力和機(jī)制建設(shè)，參與東盟主導(dǎo)的多邊安全對話合作機(jī)制。中國在各個地區(qū)機(jī)制下提出一系列非傳統(tǒng)安全領(lǐng)域合作倡議，有力推動了相關(guān)領(lǐng)域交流與合作。中國將承擔(dān)更多國際地區(qū)安全責(zé)任，為亞太地區(qū)乃至世界提供更多公共安全產(chǎn)品。
Committed to pushing forward the building of regional security mechanisms, China initiated with relevant countries the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO), Six-Party Talks, Xiangshan Forum, China-ASEAN Ministerial Dialogue on Law Enforcement and Security Cooperation, and Center for Comprehensive Law Enforcement and Security Cooperation in the Lancang-Mekong Sub-Region. China has actively supported the Conference on Interaction and Confidence-Building Measures in Asia (CICA) in its capacity and institution building, and participated in the ASEAN-led multilateral security dialogues and cooperation mechanisms. Within various regional mechanisms, China has made a large number of cooperation proposals in the field of non-traditional security, which have strongly promoted relevant exchanges and cooperation. China will shoulder greater responsibilities for regional and global security, and provide more public security services to the Asia-Pacific region and the world at large.
第四，推動規(guī)則建設(shè)，完善亞太和平穩(wěn)定的制度保障。國家之間和平相處需要秉持法治精神，遵守以《聯(lián)合國憲章》宗旨和原則為基礎(chǔ)的國際關(guān)系準(zhǔn)則，以普遍接受、公正合理的規(guī)則為保障。國際和地區(qū)規(guī)則應(yīng)由各國共商共建共享，不能由哪一個國家說了算，不能把個別國家的規(guī)則當(dāng)作“國際規(guī)則”，更不能允許個別國家打著所謂“法治”的幌子侵犯別國合法權(quán)益。
Fourth, we should promote the rule-setting and improve the institutional safeguards for peace and stability in the Asia-Pacific region. To live together in peace, countries should follow the spirit of the rule of law, the international norms based on the purposes and principles of the Charter of the United Nations, and the widely-recognized rules of fairness and justice. International and regional rules should be discussed, formulated and observed by all countries concerned, rather than being dictated by any particular country. Rules of individual countries should not automatically become “international rules,” still less should individual countries be allowed to violate the lawful rights and interests of others under the pretext of “rule of law.”
中國是國際法治和地區(qū)規(guī)則秩序的堅定維護(hù)者和積極建設(shè)者。為在國際關(guān)系中踐行法治精神，中國同印度、緬甸于1954年共同倡導(dǎo)了和平共處五項原則。中國迄今已加入幾乎所有政府間國際組織和400多項國際多邊條約。中國致力于維護(hù)地區(qū)海上安全和秩序，加強機(jī)制規(guī)則建設(shè)。2014年中國推動在華舉行的西太平洋海軍論壇年會通過《海上意外相遇規(guī)則》。中國將與東盟國家繼續(xù)全面有效落實《南海各方行為宣言》，爭取在協(xié)商一致基礎(chǔ)上早日達(dá)成“南海行為準(zhǔn)則”。此外，中國還積極參與網(wǎng)絡(luò)空間、外空等國際新疆域規(guī)則的協(xié)商，推動制定普遍接受、公正合理的國際規(guī)則。
China has firmly upheld and actively contributed to international law, and regional rules and norms. To practice the rule of law in international relations, China, together with India and Myanmar, initiated the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence in 1954. China has acceded to almost all inter-governmental international organizations and more than 400 international multilateral treaties so far. China is committed to upholding regional maritime security and order, and enhancing the building of institutions and rules. In 2014, China presided over the adoption of the updated Code for Unplanned Encounters at Sea at the Western Pacific Naval Symposium held in China. China and ASEAN countries will continue to fully and effectively implement the Declaration on the Conduct of Parties in the South China Sea (DOC) and strive for the early conclusion of a Code of Conduct (COC) on the basis of consensus in the framework of the DOC. In addition, China has taken an active part in consultations on setting rules in new areas such as cyberspace and outer space, so as to contribute to the formulation of widely accepted fair and equitable international rules.
第五，密切軍事交流合作，增強亞太和平穩(wěn)定的保障力量。中國面臨多元復(fù)雜的安全威脅和挑戰(zhàn)，維護(hù)國家統(tǒng)一和領(lǐng)土完整的任務(wù)艱巨繁重。建設(shè)與中國國際地位相稱、與國家安全和發(fā)展利益相適應(yīng)的鞏固國防和強大軍隊，是中國現(xiàn)代化建設(shè)的戰(zhàn)略任務(wù)，也是中國實現(xiàn)和平發(fā)展的堅強保障。中國武裝力量為國家發(fā)展提供了安全保障和戰(zhàn)略支撐，也為維護(hù)世界和平與地區(qū)穩(wěn)定作出了積極貢獻(xiàn)。
Fifth, we should intensify military exchanges and cooperation to offer more guarantees for peace and stability in the Asia-Pacific region. China faces diverse and complex security threats and challenges, as well as the arduous task of safeguarding national unity and territorial integrity. Building strong national defence and armed forces that are commensurate with China’s international standing and its security and development interests is a strategic task in China’s modernization drive, and provides a strong guarantee for its peaceful development. China’s armed forces provide security and strategic support for the country’s development and also make positive contributions to the maintenance of world peace and regional stability.
中國武裝力量是國際安全合作的倡導(dǎo)者、推動者和參與者，堅持和平共處五項原則，全方位開展對外軍事交往，發(fā)展不結(jié)盟、不對抗、不針對第三方的軍事合作關(guān)系，推動建立公平有效的集體安全機(jī)制和軍事互信機(jī)制。中國堅持在相互尊重、平等互利、合作共贏的基礎(chǔ)上，深化同各國軍隊的交流與合作，加強邊境地區(qū)信任措施合作，推進(jìn)海上安全對話與合作，參加聯(lián)合國維和行動、國際反恐合作、護(hù)航和救災(zāi)行動，舉行中外聯(lián)演聯(lián)訓(xùn)。
China’s armed forces have called for, facilitated, and participated in international security cooperation. China has followed the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence, conducted all-round military exchanges with other countries, and developed non-aligned and non-confrontational military cooperation not targeting any third party. It has worked to promote the establishment of just and effective collective security mechanisms and military confidence-building mechanisms.
On the basis of mutual respect, equality and mutual benefit, and mutually beneficial cooperation, China has increased interactions and cooperation with the armed forces of other countries, and intensified cooperation on confidence-building measures in border areas. China has promoted dialogue and cooperation on maritime security, participated in United Nations peacekeeping missions, international counter-terrorism cooperation, escort missions and disaster-relief operations, and conducted relevant joint exercises and training with other countries.
第六，妥善處理分歧矛盾，維護(hù)亞太和平穩(wěn)定的良好環(huán)境。亞太地區(qū)熱點問題多為歷史遺留。地區(qū)國家應(yīng)秉持相互尊重、求同存異、和平共處的傳統(tǒng)，通過直接談判與協(xié)商妥善處理、和平解決爭議問題，不能讓老問題損害地區(qū)發(fā)展與合作，破壞國家間互信。對于領(lǐng)土和海洋權(quán)益爭議，應(yīng)在尊重歷史事實的基礎(chǔ)上，根據(jù)公認(rèn)的國際法和現(xiàn)代海洋法，包括《聯(lián)合國海洋法公約》所確定的基本原則和法律制度，通過直接相關(guān)的主權(quán)國家間的對話談判尋求和平解決。在有關(guān)問題解決前，各方應(yīng)開展對話，尋求合作，管控好局勢，防止矛盾激化升級，共同維護(hù)地區(qū)和平與穩(wěn)定。
Sixth, we should properly resolve differences and disputes, and maintain a sound environment of peace and stability in the Asia-Pacific region. Most of the hotspot and sensitive issues in this region have been left over from history. To handle them, the countries in the region should follow the tradition of mutual respect, seeking common ground while reserving differences, and peaceful coexistence, and work to solve disputes properly and peacefully through direct negotiation and consultation. We should not allow old problems to hamper regional development and cooperation, and undermine mutual trust. For disputes over territories and maritime rights and interests, the sovereign states directly involved should respect historical facts and seek a peaceful solution through negotiation and consultation in accordance with the fundamental principles and legal procedures defined by universally recognized international law and modern maritime law, including the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS). Pending a satisfactory solution to disputes, the parties concerned should engage in dialogue to promote cooperation, manage each situation appropriately and prevent conflicts from escalating, so as to jointly safeguard peace and stability in the region.
中國致力于維護(hù)南海和平穩(wěn)定的基本方向不會改變，致力于同直接當(dāng)事國通過友好協(xié)商談判和平解決領(lǐng)土和海洋權(quán)益爭議的政策主張也不會改變。中國積極推動朝核、阿富汗等地區(qū)熱點問題和平解決，努力發(fā)揮負(fù)責(zé)任大國作用。
China is committed to upholding peace and stability in the South China Sea, and working for peaceful solutions to the disputes over territories and maritime rights and interests with the countries directly involved through friendly negotiation and consultation. This commitment remains unchanged. China has actively pushed for peaceful solutions to hotspot issues such as the nuclear issue on the Korean Peninsula and the Afghanistan issue, and played its due role as a responsible major country.
二、中國的亞太安全理念
II. China’s Security Vision for the Asia-Pacific Region
理念是行動的先導(dǎo)，解決新問題需要新理念。面對蓬勃發(fā)展的區(qū)域一體化進(jìn)程，冷戰(zhàn)思維、零和博弈、武力至上的陳舊安全理念已不合時宜。新形勢下，各國應(yīng)與時俱進(jìn)，以開放包容精神加強團(tuán)結(jié)合作，創(chuàng)新安全理念，推動完善地區(qū)安全架構(gòu)，為維護(hù)亞太安全探索出新路徑。
Visions guide actions, and to solve new problems new visions are required. Old security concepts based on the Cold War mentality, zero-sum game, and stress on force are outdated given the dynamic development of regional integration. In the new circumstances, all countries should keep up with the times, strengthen solidarity and cooperation with openness and inclusiveness, make security vision innovations, work to improve regional security systems and explore a new path for Asian security.
（一）共同、綜合、合作、可持續(xù)的安全觀
1. Concept of Common, Comprehensive, Cooperative and Sustainable Security
中國國家主席習(xí)近平在2014年5月召開的亞洲相互協(xié)作與信任措施會議第四次峰會上表示，中國倡導(dǎo)共同、綜合、合作、可持續(xù)的安全觀，努力走共建、共享、共贏的亞太安全之路。
At the Fourth Summit of the Conference on Interaction and Confidence-Building Measures in Asia (CICA) held in May 2014, Chinese President Xi Jinping called for a concept of common, comprehensive, cooperative and sustainable security, and a path of security featuring wide consultation, joint contribution and shared benefits in the Asia-Pacific region.
共同安全，就是要尊重和保障每一個國家安全，不能一部分國家安全而另一部分國家不安全，更不能犧牲別國安全謀求自身所謂絕對安全。要尊重并照顧各方合理安全關(guān)切。強化針對第三方的軍事同盟不利于維護(hù)地區(qū)共同安全。
Common security means respecting and ensuring the security of each and every country involved. We cannot just have the security of one or some countries while leaving the rest insecure, still less should we seek “absolute security” of oneself at the expense of the security of others. We should respect and accommodate the legitimate security concerns of all parties. To beef up a military alliance targeted at a third party is not conducive to maintaining common security.
綜合安全，就是要統(tǒng)籌維護(hù)傳統(tǒng)領(lǐng)域和非傳統(tǒng)領(lǐng)域安全。通盤考慮地區(qū)安全問題的歷史經(jīng)緯和現(xiàn)實狀況，多管齊下、綜合施策，協(xié)調(diào)推進(jìn)地區(qū)安全治理。既著力解決當(dāng)前突出的安全問題，又統(tǒng)籌謀劃應(yīng)對各類潛在安全威脅。
Comprehensive security means upholding security in both traditional and non-traditional fields. We should take into full account the historical background and reality concerning regional security, adopt a multi-pronged and holistic approach, and enhance regional security governance in a coordinated way. While tackling the immediate security challenges facing the region, we should also make plans for addressing potential security threats.
合作安全，就是要通過對話合作促進(jìn)各國和本地區(qū)安全。通過坦誠深入的對話溝通，增進(jìn)戰(zhàn)略互信，減少相互猜疑，求同化異、和睦相處。著眼共同挑戰(zhàn)，積極培育合作應(yīng)對意識，不斷擴(kuò)大合作領(lǐng)域、創(chuàng)新合作方式，以合作謀和平、以合作促安全。
Cooperative security means promoting the security of both individual countries and the region as a whole through dialogue and cooperation. The countries involved should engage in sincere and in-depth dialogue and communication to increase strategic mutual trust, reduce mutual misgivings, seek common ground while resolving differences and live in harmony with one another. We should bear in mind the common challenges and actively foster the awareness of meeting security challenges through cooperation. And we should expand the scope of and explore new ways for cooperation, and promote peace and security through cooperation.
可持續(xù)安全，就是要發(fā)展和安全并重以實現(xiàn)持久安全。各方應(yīng)聚焦發(fā)展主題，積極改善民生，縮小貧富差距，不斷夯實安全的根基。推動共同發(fā)展和區(qū)域一體化進(jìn)程，推動區(qū)域經(jīng)濟(jì)合作和安全合作良性互動、齊頭并進(jìn)，以可持續(xù)發(fā)展促進(jìn)可持續(xù)安全。
Sustainable security means that the countries involved need to focus on both development and security to realize durable security. All the parties should focus on development, actively improve people’s lives and narrow the wealth gap so as to cement the foundation of security. We should advance common development and regional integration, and push for sound interactions and the synchronized progress of regional economic and security cooperation in order to promote sustainable security through sustainable development.
這一安全觀順應(yīng)全球化與和平、發(fā)展、合作、共贏的時代潮流，扎根于地區(qū)經(jīng)濟(jì)一體化進(jìn)程，匯聚了地區(qū)國家的智慧和共識，體現(xiàn)了各方合作應(yīng)對安全挑戰(zhàn)的迫切需求，為亞太安全合作開辟了新的廣闊前景。
This security concept is in tune with globalization and the historical trend of the times featuring peace, development, and mutually beneficial cooperation. Rooted in regional integration, it has gathered the wisdom and consensus of the countries in the region, reflects the urgent need of all parties to cope with security challenges through cooperation, and opened broad prospects for regional security cooperation.
（二）完善地區(qū)安全架構(gòu)
2. Improving the Regional Security Framework
維護(hù)亞太長治久安，關(guān)鍵在于構(gòu)建面向未來、符合地區(qū)實際、滿足各方需要的安全架構(gòu)。
The key to maintaining the long-term stability of the Asia-Pacific region is to build a security framework which is oriented to the future, accords with regional realities and meets all parties’ needs.
第一，未來的地區(qū)安全架構(gòu)應(yīng)是多層次、復(fù)合型和多樣化的。地區(qū)國家歷史傳統(tǒng)、政治體制、發(fā)展水平、安全關(guān)切各有不同。亞太地區(qū)既有東盟主導(dǎo)的多個安全合作機(jī)制和上海合作組織、亞洲相互協(xié)作與信任措施會議等平臺，也有歷史形成的軍事同盟。這種多樣性決定了區(qū)域內(nèi)短期難以形成統(tǒng)一的安全框架，多種機(jī)制齊頭并進(jìn)將是地區(qū)安全架構(gòu)演進(jìn)過程中的“常態(tài)”。各國都應(yīng)為維護(hù)地區(qū)和平穩(wěn)定發(fā)揮作用。中國推動構(gòu)建亞太安全架構(gòu)，不是另起爐灶，不是推倒重來，而是對現(xiàn)有機(jī)制的完善和升級。
First, the future regional security framework should be multi-layered, comprehensive and diversified. Countries in the Asia-Pacific region differ in their historical traditions, political systems, levels of development and security concerns. In this region, there are ASEAN-led security cooperation mechanisms and platforms such as the SCO and CICA, as well as military alliances formed in history. Given such a diversity, a consistent security framework in this region is not foreseeable in the near future, and it will be normal to see multiple mechanisms advancing together in the evolution of a regional security framework. All the countries involved should play their respective roles in safeguarding regional peace and stability. China promotes the building of a security framework in the Asia-Pacific region, which does not mean starting all over again, but improving and upgrading the existing mechanisms.
第二，未來的地區(qū)安全架構(gòu)建設(shè)應(yīng)是地區(qū)國家的共同事業(yè)。多極化是全球大勢所趨，地區(qū)安全事務(wù)應(yīng)由地區(qū)國家平等參與、共同決定。地區(qū)安全架構(gòu)建設(shè)事關(guān)地區(qū)國家的共同利益，需要各方積極參與，作出力所能及的貢獻(xiàn)。亞太是大國利益集中、互動頻繁的地區(qū)，大國應(yīng)共同推動完善地區(qū)安全架構(gòu)，更有效地應(yīng)對日趨復(fù)雜的安全挑戰(zhàn)。有關(guān)雙邊軍事同盟應(yīng)增加透明度，避免對抗性，為地區(qū)和平穩(wěn)定發(fā)揮建設(shè)性作用。
Second, building the future security framework should be adopted as a common cause by all the countries in the region. As multi-polarity is becoming a global trend, regional security affairs should be decided by all the countries in the region through equal participation. The development of a regional security framework involves the common interests of all the countries in the region, and requires the active participation and contribution of all parties. The Asia-Pacific area is a region where major powers come into frequent contact and where their interests are concentrated. The major powers should jointly promote a regional security framework, so as to effectively deal with the increasingly complex security challenges in the region. Relevant bilateral military alliances should be made more transparent and avoid confrontation, so as to play a constructive role in the sphere of regional peace and stability.
第三，未來的地區(qū)安全架構(gòu)應(yīng)建立在共識基礎(chǔ)之上。地區(qū)安全架構(gòu)構(gòu)建是長期漸進(jìn)過程，不可能一蹴而就。各國應(yīng)繼續(xù)加強對話合作，在不斷積累共識的基礎(chǔ)上穩(wěn)步推進(jìn)地區(qū)安全架構(gòu)建設(shè)。當(dāng)前，應(yīng)繼續(xù)以非傳統(tǒng)安全合作領(lǐng)域為重點，從易到難，由淺入深，積累互信，逐步為構(gòu)建地區(qū)安全架構(gòu)夯實基礎(chǔ)。
Third, the future regional security framework should be based on consensus. It will be a long and gradual process to put in place such a framework, which cannot be completed overnight. All parties should continue to strengthen dialogue and cooperation, and steadily advance the development of a regional security framework on the basis of building consensus. At the current stage, the parties should continue to focus on non-traditional security cooperation, and start from the easier tasks before moving on to more difficult ones, so as to build trust and lay a solid foundation for the framework.
第四，未來的地區(qū)安全架構(gòu)應(yīng)與地區(qū)經(jīng)濟(jì)架構(gòu)建設(shè)協(xié)調(diào)推進(jìn)。安全與發(fā)展聯(lián)系緊密，相輔相成。安全架構(gòu)和經(jīng)濟(jì)架構(gòu)作為整個地區(qū)架構(gòu)的主要組成部分，應(yīng)統(tǒng)籌考慮，同步推進(jìn)，相互促進(jìn)。一方面，通過不斷完善安全架構(gòu)，確保經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展所需要的和平穩(wěn)定環(huán)境。另一方面，通過加快推進(jìn)區(qū)域經(jīng)濟(jì)一體化，為安全架構(gòu)建設(shè)提供穩(wěn)固的經(jīng)濟(jì)社會支撐。
Fourth, the development of a regional security framework should be advanced in parallel with the development of a regional economic framework. Security and development are closely linked and mutually complementary. Equal consideration should be given to both a security framework and an economic framework - the main components of the entire regional structure – to ensure their parallel development. On the one hand, the improvement of the security framework will help ensure a peaceful and stable environment for economic development; on the other, faster regional economic integration will provide solid economic and social support for the development of the security framework.
三、中國與地區(qū)其他主要國家的關(guān)系
III. China’s Relations with Other Major Asia-Pacific Countries
（一）中美關(guān)系。2015年以來，中美關(guān)系總體保持穩(wěn)定并取得新的進(jìn)展。兩國高層和各級別交往密切。2015年9月，習(xí)近平主席應(yīng)美國總統(tǒng)奧巴馬邀請對美國進(jìn)行國事訪問，并于11月出席聯(lián)合國氣候變化巴黎大會期間會見奧巴馬總統(tǒng)。2016年3月底，習(xí)近平主席與奧巴馬總統(tǒng)在華盛頓核安全峰會期間成功舉行會晤。9月，二十國集團(tuán)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人杭州峰會期間，中美元首再次舉行會晤，決定繼續(xù)共同致力于構(gòu)建中美新型大國關(guān)系。李克強總理在紐約出席聯(lián)大系列高級別會議期間會見美國總統(tǒng)奧巴馬。2016年6月，第八輪中美戰(zhàn)略與經(jīng)濟(jì)對話、第七輪中美人文交流高層磋商和第二輪中美打擊網(wǎng)絡(luò)犯罪及相關(guān)事項高級別會議在北京成功舉行，取得豐碩成果。兩國各領(lǐng)域務(wù)實合作穩(wěn)步推進(jìn)，就氣候變化、朝核、伊朗核、敘利亞、阿富汗等重大國際地區(qū)和全球性問題保持密切溝通與協(xié)調(diào)。
1. China-US Relations
Since 2015, the overall relationship between China and the United States has remained stable and even made new progress. The two countries have maintained close contacts at the leadership and other levels. President Xi Jinping paid a state visit to the US at the invitation of President Barack Obama in September 2015, and met him again during the UN Climate Change Conference in Paris in November of the same year. In late March 2016, the two presidents had a successful meeting during the Nuclear Security Summit in Washington. In September, they met again during the G20 Hangzhou Summit, and committed themselves to building a new model of a major-country relationship. Premier Li Keqiang met President Obama when attending high-level meetings of the 71st Session of the UN General Assembly. In June, the same year the Eighth Round of the China-US Strategic and Economic Dialogue, the Seventh China-US High-Level Consultation on People-to-People Exchanges, and the Second China-US High-Level Joint Dialogue on Cybercrime and Related Issues were held in Beijing, and achieved fruitful results. In addition, the two countries have made steady progress in practical cooperation in various fields, and maintained close communication and coordination on major regional and global issues like climate change, the Korean and Iranian nuclear issues, Syria, and Afghanistan.
兩國繼續(xù)通過各層級雙邊交往及相關(guān)機(jī)制就亞太地區(qū)事務(wù)保持溝通與協(xié)調(diào)，同意努力構(gòu)建雙方在亞太積極互動、包容合作的關(guān)系。雙方在亞太經(jīng)合組織、東亞峰會、東盟地區(qū)論壇等多邊框架下，就應(yīng)對氣候變化、反恐、海洋環(huán)境保護(hù)、打擊野生動植物走私、防災(zāi)減災(zāi)等地區(qū)及全球性事務(wù)保持溝通與合作。雙方在阿富汗、東帝汶等國開展的人員、農(nóng)業(yè)培訓(xùn)三方合作項目進(jìn)展順利。
The two countries have maintained communication and coordination in the field of Asia-Pacific affairs through bilateral exchanges and relevant mechanisms at all levels, and agreed to build a bilateral relationship of positive interaction and inclusive cooperation in the region. The two countries have stayed in a state of communication and cooperation on regional and global affairs, including climate change, counter-terrorism, marine environmental protection, combating wild life smuggling, and disaster prevention and reduction within multilateral frameworks such as APEC, East Asia Summit (EAS), and ASEAN Regional Forum (ARF). Moreover, the two sides have smoothly carried out trilateral personnel and agriculture training cooperation projects in Afghanistan and Timor-Leste.
兩軍關(guān)系總體保持穩(wěn)定發(fā)展勢頭。2015年以來，中美兩軍繼續(xù)深化“重大軍事行動相互通報機(jī)制”和“?？障嘤霭踩袨闇?zhǔn)則”兩大互信機(jī)制建設(shè)。2015年，兩軍分別在兩國舉行人道主義救災(zāi)聯(lián)合研討交流和實兵演練，并共同參加“可汗探索—2015”多國維和軍演、“科瓦里－2015”中美澳陸軍技能演練等多邊演練。2016年1月，中美國防部工作會晤在北京舉行。5月，中央軍委聯(lián)合參謀部參謀長同美軍參聯(lián)會主席舉行視頻通話。6月底至8月初，我海軍153編隊赴美夏威夷參加“環(huán)太平洋－2016”聯(lián)合軍演。7月和8月，美國海軍作戰(zhàn)部長和陸軍參謀長分別訪華。
China-US military relations have generally maintained a momentum of steady progress. Since 2015, the two militaries have continued to improve their two mutual-confidence-building mechanisms: the Mutual Notification of Major Military Activities and the Rules of Behavior for the Safety of Air and Maritime Encounters. In 2015, they held their Joint Humanitarian Assistance and Disaster-Relief Field Exercise and Disaster Management Exchanges in China and the US, respectively, and participated in Khaan Quest 2015 multinational peacekeeping military exercise and Exercise Kowari, a China-US-Australia trilateral military exercise. In January 2016, a working meeting of officials from the two ministries of defence was held in Beijing, and in May a video conference was held between the Chinese Chief of the Department of the Joint Chiefs of Staff of the Central Military Commission and the US Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff. From late June to early August 2016, Chinese Navy Fleet 153 participated in RIMPAC 2016, a joint military exercise in Hawaii. In July and August the same year, the US Chief of Naval Operations and Chief of Staff of the Army each made a visit to China.
中方愿繼續(xù)推動中美關(guān)系持續(xù)健康穩(wěn)定發(fā)展，并期待與美新一屆政府共同努力，秉持不沖突不對抗、相互尊重、合作共贏的原則，拓展兩國在雙邊、地區(qū)、全球?qū)用娓黝I(lǐng)域合作，以建設(shè)性方式管控分歧，推動中美關(guān)系在新的起點上取得更大進(jìn)展，更好造福兩國人民和各國人民。
China is willing to promote the sustainable, sound and stable advance of bilateral relations, and work with the new US administration to follow the principles of no conflict, no confrontation, mutual respect and mutually beneficial cooperation, increase cooperation in bilateral, regional and global affairs, manage and control divergences in a constructive way, and further bilateral relations from a new starting point, so as to bring benefits to the two peoples and other peoples around the world.
（二）中俄關(guān)系。中國和俄羅斯互為最大鄰國，互為戰(zhàn)略協(xié)作伙伴和外交優(yōu)先方向。多年來，在雙方共同努力下，中俄關(guān)系健康穩(wěn)定快速發(fā)展，不斷取得新成果。兩國2001年簽署《中俄睦鄰友好合作條約》，以法律的形式確立了世代友好的理念。2011年兩國關(guān)系提升為平等信任、相互支持、共同繁榮、世代友好的全面戰(zhàn)略協(xié)作伙伴關(guān)系，2014年中俄全面戰(zhàn)略協(xié)作伙伴關(guān)系進(jìn)入新階段。
2. China-Russia Relations
China and Russia are each other’s biggest neighbor, and strategic partner of cooperation and priority in diplomacy. Over the years, China-Russia relations have gained healthy, stable and fast development, and made new achievements through joint efforts. In 2001, the two countries signed the Good-Neighborly Treaty of Friendship and Cooperation, which established the idea of a lasting friendship in legal form. In 2011 the bilateral relationship was upgraded to a comprehensive strategic partnership of coordination based on equality, mutual trust, mutual support, common prosperity and lasting friendship. In 2014, the China-Russia comprehensive strategic partnership of coordination entered a new stage.
當(dāng)前，中俄全面戰(zhàn)略協(xié)作伙伴關(guān)系在高水平上呈現(xiàn)更加積極的發(fā)展勢頭。習(xí)近平主席同俄羅斯總統(tǒng)普京多次會晤。2016年6月普京總統(tǒng)訪華期間，兩國元首共同簽署并發(fā)表《中華人民共和國和俄羅斯聯(lián)邦聯(lián)合聲明》《關(guān)于加強全球戰(zhàn)略穩(wěn)定的聯(lián)合聲明》《關(guān)于協(xié)作推進(jìn)信息網(wǎng)絡(luò)空間發(fā)展的聯(lián)合聲明》。兩國元首在9月二十國集團(tuán)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人杭州峰會期間舉行年內(nèi)第三次會晤，商定加大在涉及彼此核心利益的問題上的相互堅定支持，大力弘揚《中俄睦鄰友好合作條約》確立的世代友好理念，積極開展發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略對接和“一帶一路”建設(shè)與歐亞經(jīng)濟(jì)聯(lián)盟建設(shè)對接合作，辦好中俄媒體交流年活動，密切在國際和地區(qū)事務(wù)中的協(xié)調(diào)配合，為兩國關(guān)系發(fā)展注入新的強勁動力。中俄在亞太事務(wù)中保持著良好合作。雙方不斷加強在地區(qū)多邊框架內(nèi)的合作，堅定維護(hù)《聯(lián)合國憲章》的宗旨、原則和公認(rèn)的國際關(guān)系準(zhǔn)則，維護(hù)二戰(zhàn)勝利成果和國際公平正義，推動地區(qū)熱點問題政治解決進(jìn)程，為促進(jìn)地區(qū)和平穩(wěn)定和發(fā)展繁榮貢獻(xiàn)了正能量。
This partnership has presented a more positive momentum of development at a high level. President Xi Jinping and Russian President Vladimir Putin have met frequently. During the latter’s visit to China in June 2016, the two sides signed three joint statements: the Joint Statement by the People’s Republic of China and the Russian Federation, Joint Statement by the People’s Republic of China and the Russian Federation on Strengthening Global Strategic Stability, and Joint Statement by the People’s Republic of China and the Russian Federation on Cooperation in Information Cyberspace Development. In September that year the two heads of state met for the third time, during the G20 Hangzhou Summit, and agreed to increase their firm mutual support on issues concerning each other’s core interests, energetically promote the idea of a lasting friendship established in the Good-Neighborly Treaty of Friendship and Cooperation, actively promote their development strategies and their efforts to promote the Belt and Road Initiative and Eurasian Economic Union, hold a Year of Media Exchange, and maintain close coordination and cooperation in international and regional affairs, so as to inject strong vigor into bilateral relations.
China and Russia have maintained good cooperation in Asia-Pacific affairs. The two sides continue to strengthen their cooperation within regional multilateral frameworks, safeguard the purposes and principles of the Charter of the United Nations and universally recognized norms governing international relations, uphold the achievements of World War II and international justice, advance the process of a political solution to regional hotspot issues, and contribute more positive energy to regional peace, stability, development and prosperity.
中俄兩軍關(guān)系進(jìn)一步發(fā)展。2015年，兩軍共同慶祝世界反法西斯戰(zhàn)爭勝利70周年，互派高層和方隊參加對方慶?；顒雍蛻c典閱兵，首次一年內(nèi)舉行兩次海上聯(lián)合演習(xí)，中方參加俄主辦的國際軍事比賽全部項目，在俄成功舉行首屆“中國軍事文化周”。2016年以來，兩軍繼續(xù)保持良性互動，首次成功舉行反導(dǎo)計算機(jī)模擬演習(xí)，中方赴俄、哈參加國際軍事比賽。雙方于9月舉行中俄“海上聯(lián)合－2016”軍事演習(xí)。兩軍在上海合作組織防務(wù)安全合作框架內(nèi)保持密切配合。
China-Russia military relations have made further progress. In 2015, the two militaries jointly commemorated the 70th anniversary of the victory of the World Anti-Fascist War, and sent high-ranking officers and teams to each other’s commemoration activities and military parades. The two militaries successfully held joint maritime drills twice in a year for the first time. China participated in all events of the international military skill competition hosted by Russia, and the first Chinese Military Culture Week was held in Russia. In 2016, the two militaries maintained positive interaction. The First Joint Computer-Enabled Anti-Missile Defence Exercise was held. China participated in the international military games in Russia and Kazakhstan. In September China and Russia conducted the Maritime Joint Exercise 2016. The two militaries have also maintained close coordination within the defence and security cooperation framework of the SCO.
（三）中?。ǘ龋╆P(guān)系。2015年以來，中印面向和平與繁榮的戰(zhàn)略合作伙伴關(guān)系進(jìn)一步深化，雙方確立了構(gòu)建更加緊密發(fā)展伙伴關(guān)系的目標(biāo)。兩國各領(lǐng)域交流與合作不斷推進(jìn)，并在國際和地區(qū)問題上保持良好溝通和協(xié)調(diào)。
3. China-India Relations
Since 2015, the China-India strategic and cooperative partnership for peace and prosperity has been further deepened. The two countries have set the goal of forging a closer development partnership, made new progress in exchanges and cooperation in various areas and stayed in close communication and coordination on regional and international issues.
兩國高層互動頻繁，政治互信進(jìn)一步增強。2015年7月和2016年6月、9月、10月，習(xí)近平主席在烏法出席金磚國家領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人第七次會晤和出席上海合作組織塔什干峰會、二十國集團(tuán)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人杭州峰會、金磚國家領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人第八次會晤期間會見印度總理莫迪。2015年11月，李克強總理在馬來西亞出席東亞合作領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人系列會議期間與莫迪總理會見。2016年5月和2015年5月，印度總統(tǒng)慕克吉和總理莫迪分別訪華。兩國各領(lǐng)域務(wù)實合作扎實推進(jìn)，在國際事務(wù)中保持溝通和協(xié)調(diào)，在聯(lián)合國、金磚國家、二十國集團(tuán)和中俄印等機(jī)制中加強協(xié)調(diào)與配合，在氣候變化、世貿(mào)組織多哈回合談判、能源和糧食安全、國際金融貨幣體系改革和全球治理等領(lǐng)域攜手合作，維護(hù)了中印兩國和發(fā)展中國家的共同利益。
The two countries have held frequent exchanges of high-level visits, and enhanced political mutual trust. President Xi Jinping met Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi on the sidelines of the Seventh BRICS Summit in Ufa in July 2015, the 16th SCO Summit in Tashkent in June 2016, the G20 Hangzhou Summit in September 2016, and the Eighth BRICS Summit in October 2016. In November 2015, Premier Li Keqiang met Indian Prime Minister Modi during the leaders’ meetings for East Asia cooperation in Malaysia. Indian President Pranab Mukherjee visited China in May 2016, and Prime Minister Narendra Modi visited China in May 2015. Practical cooperation between the two countries has made solid progress in various areas. The two countries have maintained communication and coordination on international affairs and enhanced collaboration in the UN, BRICS, G20, China-India-Russia and other mechanisms. They have cooperated on climate change, the WTO Doha Round of negotiations, energy and food security, reform of international financial and monetary institutions, and global governance. Such cooperation has helped safeguard the common interests of China, India and other developing countries.
中印兩軍關(guān)系總體健康、穩(wěn)定發(fā)展，溝通交流日益密切，務(wù)實合作廣度、深度增加，迄今已舉行8屆防務(wù)與安全磋商和6次陸軍反恐聯(lián)合訓(xùn)練，并在人員培訓(xùn)、專業(yè)交流等領(lǐng)域開展良好合作。雙方還開展邊防合作，為維護(hù)中印邊境地區(qū)和平與安寧發(fā)揮了積極作用。兩軍高層于2015年和2016年互訪，就加強兩軍務(wù)實合作、共同維護(hù)邊境地區(qū)和平穩(wěn)定達(dá)成重要共識。
The relations between the Chinese and Indian militaries remain healthy and stable in general, with increasingly close communication and exchanges, and pragmatic cooperation in greater breadth and depth. Eight rounds of defence and security consultation and six joint military anti-terrorism training exercises have been held so far. Sound cooperation in personnel training, professional exchanges and other fields is being carried out. The two sides have also conducted border defence cooperation, which plays a positive role in maintaining peace and tranquillity in the border areas between China and India. Military leaders of the two sides visited each other in 2015 and 2016, and reached an important consensus on strengthening pragmatic cooperation between the two militaries and working together to maintain peace and stability in the border areas.
（四）中日關(guān)系。2015年以來，中日關(guān)系總體延續(xù)2014年底形成的改善勢頭。習(xí)近平主席先后在亞太經(jīng)合組織（APEC）領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人非正式會議和亞非領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人會議期間應(yīng)約會見日本首相安倍晉三，出席中日友好交流大會并發(fā)表重要講話。李克強總理在2015年中日韓領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人會議和2016年亞歐首腦會議期間，應(yīng)約同安倍晉三首相舉行會晤。2016年9月二十國集團(tuán)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人杭州峰會期間，習(xí)近平主席再次與安倍晉三首相舉行會晤。雙方有序恢復(fù)政府、議會、政黨等不同層級接觸，舉行三輪高級別政治對話，穩(wěn)步推進(jìn)各領(lǐng)域交流合作。同時，中日關(guān)系仍存在不少復(fù)雜敏感因素。圍繞日方在歷史、涉海等問題上的消極動向，中方敦促日方切實遵守中日四個政治文件和四點原則共識，妥善管控分歧矛盾，避免給中日關(guān)系改善進(jìn)程帶來干擾。
4. China-Japan Relations
Since 2015, China-Japan relations have maintained the momentum of improvement which started at the end of 2014. Upon invitation, President Xi Jinping met Japanese Prime Minister Shinzo Abe on the margins of the APEC Economic Leaders’ Meeting and the Asian-African Summit. He attended and gave an important speech at the China-Japan Friendship Exchange Meeting. Premier Li Keqiang met Prime Minister Abe during the China-Japan-ROK Trilateral Summit Meeting in 2015 and during the Asia-Europe Meeting in 2016. During the G20 Hangzhou Summit in September 2016, President Xi Jinping had another meeting with Prime Minister Abe. The two sides resumed contacts at government, parliament and party levels in an orderly way. Three rounds of high-level political dialogue were held and exchanges and cooperation in various areas were steadily pushed forward. However, complex and sensitive factors still remain in bilateral relations. In response to Japan’s negative moves concerning historical and maritime territory issues, China urges Japan to abide by the four political documents and the four-point principled agreement on bilateral relations, properly manage and control disputes and conflicts, and avoid creating obstacles to the improvement of bilateral relations.
2014年年底以來，兩國防務(wù)交流逐步恢復(fù)和發(fā)展。2015年11月，兩國防長在東盟防長擴(kuò)大會期間會晤。兩國防務(wù)部門負(fù)責(zé)人在其他多邊場合也多次會面。2016年，兩國防務(wù)部門進(jìn)行了事務(wù)級交流。此外，2015年以來，兩國防務(wù)部門就建立海空聯(lián)絡(luò)機(jī)制舉行兩次專家組磋商，就機(jī)制大部分事項達(dá)成共識。
Since the end of 2014, defence exchanges between the two countries have gradually resumed and developed. In November 2015, the Chinese and Japanese defence ministers met during the ASEAN Defence Ministers’ Meeting. The defence chiefs of the two countries have met several times on other multilateral occasions. In 2016, the defence ministries of the two countries conducted working-level exchanges. Since 2015, defence ministries of the two countries have held two expert panel consultations on the establishment of air and maritime contact mechanisms, with consensus reached on most matters.
（五）中國積極發(fā)展與亞太其他國家的友好合作關(guān)系，不斷增進(jìn)政治互信，加強經(jīng)貿(mào)聯(lián)系，密切人文交往，擴(kuò)大防務(wù)交流合作，共同促進(jìn)亞太地區(qū)和平穩(wěn)定與繁榮發(fā)展。
5. China has continued developing friendly and cooperative relations with other countries in the Asia-Pacific region, with enhanced political mutual trust, strengthened economic and trade relations, closer people-to-people and cultural exchanges, and enlarged defence cooperation, so as to jointly promote peace, stability, development and prosperity in the Asia-Pacific region.
四、中國在地區(qū)熱點問題上的立場和主張
IV. China’s Positions and Views on Regional Hotspot Issues
（一）朝鮮半島核問題。中國在半島核問題上的立場一貫而明確，堅持實現(xiàn)半島無核化，堅持維護(hù)半島和平穩(wěn)定，堅持通過對話協(xié)商解決問題。長期以來，中國為推進(jìn)半島無核化進(jìn)程、維護(hù)半島和平穩(wěn)定大局、推動盡早重啟六方會談作出不懈努力。朝鮮2016年1月和9月兩次核試并多次試射各種類型彈道導(dǎo)彈，違反安理會決議，與國際社會的期待背道而馳。中國政府對此堅決反對，并支持安理會通過相關(guān)決議，以阻遏朝鮮在核武開發(fā)的道路上越走越遠(yuǎn)。中國將繼續(xù)與國際社會一道，為推進(jìn)半島無核化、實現(xiàn)半島及東北亞長治久安作出不懈努力。同時，其他各方不能放棄復(fù)談的努力，不能放棄對半島和平穩(wěn)定承擔(dān)的責(zé)任。
1. Nuclear Issue on the Korean Peninsula
China’s position on the Korean Peninsula nuclear issue is consistent and clear-cut. China is committed to the denuclearization of the peninsula, its peace and stability, and settlement of the issue through dialogue and consultation. Over the years, China has made tremendous efforts to facilitate the process of denuclearization of the peninsula, safeguard the overall peace and stability there, and realize an early resumption of the Six-Party Talks. In January and September this year, the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea (DPRK) conducted two nuclear tests and launched missiles of various types, violating UN Security Council resolutions and running counter to the wishes of the international community. China has made clear its opposition to such actions and supported the relevant Security Council resolutions to prevent the DPRK’s further pursuit of nuclear weapons. China will continue to work with the international community and strive for denuclearization and long-term peace and stability of the peninsula and of Northeast Asia as a whole. At the same time, other parties concerned should not give up the efforts to resume talks or their responsibilities to safeguard peace and stability on the peninsula.
（二）反導(dǎo)問題。反導(dǎo)問題事關(guān)全球戰(zhàn)略穩(wěn)定和大國互信。中國一貫認(rèn)為，應(yīng)慎重處理反導(dǎo)問題，搞冷戰(zhàn)式的軍事同盟、構(gòu)筑全球和地區(qū)反導(dǎo)體系，既不利于構(gòu)建戰(zhàn)略穩(wěn)定與互信，也不利于構(gòu)建包容性的全球及地區(qū)安全格局。各國既要考慮本國安全利益，也要尊重別國安全關(guān)切，遵循維護(hù)全球戰(zhàn)略穩(wěn)定和各國安全不受減損的原則，共同營造和平穩(wěn)定、平等互信、合作共贏的國際安全環(huán)境。
2. Anti-Ballistic Missile Issue
The anti-ballistic missile issue concerns global strategic stability and mutual trust among major countries. China always holds the view that the anti-ballistic missile issue should be treated with discretion. Forming Cold War style military alliances and building global and regional anti-ballistic missile systems will be detrimental to strategic stability and mutual trust, as well as to the development of an inclusive global and regional security framework. Countries should respect other countries’ security concerns while pursuing their own security interests, and follow the principle of maintaining global strategic stability without compromising the security of any country so as to jointly create a peaceful and stable international security environment featuring equality, mutual trust and mutually beneficial cooperation.
美國和韓國不顧包括中國在內(nèi)有關(guān)國家的明確反對立場，宣布并推進(jìn)在韓國部署“薩德”反導(dǎo)系統(tǒng)。這種做法嚴(yán)重破壞地區(qū)戰(zhàn)略平衡，嚴(yán)重?fù)p害包括中國在內(nèi)的本地區(qū)國家戰(zhàn)略安全利益，與維護(hù)半島和平穩(wěn)定努力背道而馳。中國堅決反對美韓在韓國部署“薩德”反導(dǎo)系統(tǒng)，強烈敦促美韓停止有關(guān)進(jìn)程。
Despite clear opposition from relevant countries including China, the US and the Republic of Korea (ROK) announced the decision to start and accelerate the deployment of the THAAD anti-ballistic missile system in the ROK. Such an act would seriously damage the regional strategic balance and the strategic security interests of China and other countries in the region, and run counter to the efforts for maintaining peace and stability on the Korean Peninsula. China firmly opposes the US and ROK deployment of the THAAD anti-ballistic missile system in the ROK, and strongly urges the US and the ROK to stop this process.
（三）阿富汗問題。中國支持阿富汗和平重建，希望看到一個團(tuán)結(jié)、穩(wěn)定、發(fā)展、同周邊國家和睦相處的阿富汗。2015年以來中國加大對阿富汗援助力度，支持阿富汗政府能力建設(shè)。2015年10月，阿富汗北部發(fā)生7.8級地震后，中國為阿富汗抗震救災(zāi)提供了支持。中國認(rèn)為只有推進(jìn)“阿人主導(dǎo)、阿人所有”的包容性和解進(jìn)程，才是解決阿富汗問題的唯一正確出路。中國將繼續(xù)為推進(jìn)阿富汗和解進(jìn)程發(fā)揮建設(shè)性作用。
3. Afghanistan Issue
China supports peace and reconstruction in Afghanistan, and hopes to see an Afghanistan that is united, stable, prosperous and at peace with its neighboring countries. Since 2015, China has increased assistance to Afghanistan in support of that government’s capacity building. In the wake of a 7.8-magnitude earthquake in northern Afghanistan in October 2015, China provided assistance for disaster-relief efforts. China believes that only an inclusive reconciliation process that is “Afghan-led and Afghan-owned” can provide the ultimate solution to the Afghanistan issue. China will continue to play a constructive role in advancing the reconciliation process in Afghanistan.
（四）打擊恐怖主義問題。當(dāng)前，亞太地區(qū)反恐形勢正經(jīng)歷復(fù)雜深刻變化。暴力極端思想加速蔓延，恐怖極端勢力日益活躍，網(wǎng)絡(luò)恐怖主義危害上升，暴恐活動多發(fā)頻發(fā)，特別是國際恐怖組織滲透和境外恐怖作戰(zhàn)分子回流問題日益突出，對地區(qū)安全穩(wěn)定構(gòu)成嚴(yán)重威脅。
4. Counter-Terrorism Cooperation
At present, the counter-terrorism situation in the Asia-Pacific region is undergoing complex and profound changes. The region faces severe security and stability challenges posed by violent and extremist ideologies spreading at an ever-faster pace, more active terrorist and extremist forces, rising threats from cyber terrorism, and frequent violent terrorist activities, in particular the infiltration of international terrorist organizations and the inflow of foreign terrorist fighters.
恐怖主義是國際公害和人類公敵。中國反對一切形式的恐怖主義，主張國際社會應(yīng)按照《聯(lián)合國憲章》宗旨和原則以及其他公認(rèn)的國際關(guān)系基本準(zhǔn)則，廣泛開展合作，形成合力。主張加強不同文明對話，采取政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)、外交等手段綜合治理，標(biāo)本兼治，消除恐怖主義滋生土壤。同時，在反恐問題上不能搞“雙重標(biāo)準(zhǔn)”，不能將恐怖主義與特定的國家、民族、宗教相聯(lián)系。
Terrorism is a common scourge of the international community and humanity as a whole. The Chinese government opposes terrorism in all forms and calls on the international community to cooperate in fighting terrorism on the basis of the purposes and principles of the Charter of the United Nations and other universally recognized norms governing international relations. China believes that dialogue among different civilizations should be enhanced and a holistic approach taken to eliminate the breeding grounds of terrorism by addressing both its symptoms and root causes by political, economic and diplomatic means. At the same time, there should be no double standard in fighting terrorism, which should not be associated with any particular country, ethnicity or religion.
（五）海上問題。亞太地區(qū)海上形勢總體保持穩(wěn)定，維護(hù)海上和平安全和航行飛越自由是各方共同利益和共識。但非傳統(tǒng)海上安全威脅呈上升之勢，不少海域的生態(tài)環(huán)境遭到破壞，海洋自然災(zāi)害頻發(fā)，溢油、危險化學(xué)品泄漏事故時有發(fā)生，海盜、偷渡、販毒等活動頻發(fā)。部分國家在傳統(tǒng)安全領(lǐng)域存在誤解，互信不足，也給海上安全帶來風(fēng)險。
5. Maritime Cooperation
The overall maritime situation remains stable in the region. It is all parties’ common interest and consensus to maintain maritime peace, security and freedom of navigation and overflight. However, non-traditional maritime security threats are on the rise. The ecological environment in many marine areas has been damaged. Marine natural disasters occur frequently, and leaks of oil or hazardous chemicals happen from time to time. In addition, there are often cases of piracy, smuggling and drug trafficking. Misunderstandings and lack of mutual trust among some countries about traditional security issues also pose risks to maritime security.
中國一貫提倡平等、務(wù)實、共贏的海上安全合作，堅持以《聯(lián)合國憲章》的宗旨和原則，公認(rèn)的國際法和現(xiàn)代海洋法，包括《聯(lián)合國海洋法公約》所確定的基本原則和法律制度以及和平共處五項原則為處理地區(qū)海上問題的基本準(zhǔn)則，堅持合作應(yīng)對海上傳統(tǒng)安全威脅和非傳統(tǒng)安全威脅。維護(hù)海上和平安全是地區(qū)國家的共同責(zé)任，符合各方的共同利益。中國致力于與各方加強合作，共同應(yīng)對挑戰(zhàn)，維護(hù)海上和平穩(wěn)定。
China has called for even-handed, practical and mutually beneficial maritime security cooperation. It adheres to the purposes and principles of the Charter of the United Nations, the fundamental principles and legal system defined by universally recognized international laws and modern maritime laws, including the UNCLOS and the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence, in dealing with regional maritime issues, and is committed to coping with traditional and non-traditional maritime security threats through cooperation. Maintaining maritime peace and security is the shared responsibility of all countries in the region, and serves the common interests of all parties. China is dedicated to strengthening cooperation and jointly tackling challenges with all relevant parties so as to maintain maritime peace and stability.
中國對南沙群島及其附近海域擁有無可爭辯的主權(quán)。中國始終堅持通過談判協(xié)商和平解決爭議，堅持通過制定規(guī)則和建立機(jī)制管控爭議，堅持通過互利合作實現(xiàn)共贏，堅持維護(hù)南海和平穩(wěn)定及南海航行和飛越自由。中國與東盟國家就南海問題保持密切溝通對話，在全面有效落實《南海各方行為宣言》框架下深化海上務(wù)實合作，穩(wěn)步推進(jìn)“南海行為準(zhǔn)則”磋商，不斷取得積極進(jìn)展。中國堅決反對個別國家為一己私利在本地區(qū)挑動是非。對于侵犯中國領(lǐng)土主權(quán)和海洋權(quán)益、蓄意挑起事端破壞南海和平穩(wěn)定的挑釁行動，中國將不得不作出必要反應(yīng)。任何將南海問題國際化、司法化的做法都無助于爭議的解決，相反只會增加解決問題的難度，危害地區(qū)和平與穩(wěn)定。
China has indisputable sovereignty over the Nansha Islands and their adjacent waters. China has always been committed to resolving disputes peacefully through negotiation and consultation, managing disputes by setting rules and establishing mechanisms, realizing mutually beneficial outcomes through cooperation for mutual benefit, and upholding peace and stability as well as freedom of navigation and overflight in the South China Sea. China and the ASEAN countries stay in close communication and dialogue on the South China Sea issue. When fully and effectively implementing the DOC, the two sides have strengthened pragmatic maritime cooperation, steadily advanced the consultations on COC and made positive progress. China resolutely opposes certain countries’ provocations of regional disputes for their selfish interests. China is forced to make necessary responses to the provocative actions which infringe on China’s territorial sovereignty and maritime rights and interests, and undermine peace and stability in the South China Sea. No effort to internationalize and judicialize the South China Sea issue will be of any avail for its resolution; it will only make it harder to resolve the issue, and endanger regional peace and stability.
中日在東海存在釣魚島問題和海域劃界問題。釣魚島及其附屬島嶼是中國的固有領(lǐng)土，中國對釣魚島的主權(quán)有著充足的歷史和法理依據(jù)。中日就東海有關(guān)問題保持對話，舉行了多輪海洋事務(wù)高級別磋商，圍繞東海?？瘴C(jī)管控、海上執(zhí)法、油氣、科考、漁業(yè)等問題進(jìn)行溝通，達(dá)成多項共識。中方愿繼續(xù)通過對話磋商妥善管控和解決有關(guān)問題。
Issues concerning the Diaoyu Islands and maritime demarcation in the East China Sea exist between China and Japan. The Diaoyu Islands are an integral part of China’s territory. China’s sovereignty over the Diaoyu Islands has a sufficient historical and legal basis. China and Japan have maintained dialogues on issues related to the East China Sea and held several rounds of high-level consultations. They have had communication and reached consensus on crisis management and control in the air and waters of the East China Sea, maritime law enforcement, oil and gas exploration, scientific research, fisheries and other issues. China is willing to properly manage the situation and resolve related issues through continued dialogue and consultation.
中韓就海域劃界有關(guān)問題廣泛深入交換了意見，并于2015年12月啟動海域劃界談判。
China and the ROK have extensive and in-depth exchanges of views on maritime demarcation, and launched relevant negotiations in December 2015.
五、中國參與亞太地區(qū)主要多邊機(jī)制
V. China’s Participation in Major Multilateral Mechanisms in the Asia-Pacific Region
（一）中國—東盟合作。中國始終將東盟作為周邊外交優(yōu)先方向，堅定支持東盟一體化，支持共同體建設(shè)，支持東盟在區(qū)域合作中的中心地位。雙方秉持相互尊重、平等相待、睦鄰友好、合作共贏的原則，不斷加強戰(zhàn)略對話，增進(jìn)政治互信，深化經(jīng)貿(mào)、互聯(lián)互通、金融、安全、海上、社會人文等各領(lǐng)域務(wù)實合作，推動雙方關(guān)系不斷取得新進(jìn)展。2013年習(xí)近平主席訪問東南亞期間，指出中國愿與東盟國家攜手建設(shè)更為緊密的中國—東盟命運共同體。
1. China-ASEAN Cooperation
China regards ASEAN as a priority in its neighborhood diplomacy, and firmly supports ASEAN’s integration and community building as well as its centrality in regional cooperation. Following the principles of mutual respect, equality, good-neighborliness and mutually beneficial cooperation, China and ASEAN have further strengthened strategic dialogue, enhanced political mutual trust, and deepened practical cooperation in economy and trade, connectivity, finance, security, maritime affairs, and cultural and people-to-people exchanges, making continuous progress in their relations. During his visit to Southeast Asia in 2013, President Xi Jinping announced that China wants to build a closer China-ASEAN community of shared future.
2015年，中國—東盟防長非正式會晤首次在華召開，雙方還舉行了電信、經(jīng)貿(mào)、交通部長會議和總檢察長會議。11月，中國與東盟簽署《關(guān)于修訂〈中國—東盟全面經(jīng)濟(jì)合作框架協(xié)議〉及項下部分協(xié)議的議定書》，標(biāo)志中國—東盟自貿(mào)區(qū)升級談判全面結(jié)束。
In 2015, the China-ASEAN Defence Ministers’ Informal Meeting was held in China for the first time. The two sides also held the Telecommunication Ministers’ Meeting, AEM-MOFCOM Consultations, Transport Ministers’ Meeting, and Prosecutors-Generals’ Conference. In November of the same year, the two sides signed the Protocol to Amend the Framework Agreement on Comprehensive Economic Cooperation and Certain Agreements Thereunder Between China and ASEAN, which marked the conclusion of the negotiations on an upgraded China-ASEAN Free Trade Area.
2016年是中國—東盟建立對話關(guān)系25周年和中國—東盟教育交流年。9月7日，第19次中國—東盟領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人會議暨中國—東盟建立對話關(guān)系25周年紀(jì)念峰會在老撾萬象舉行。李克強總理出席會議，同東盟國家領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人共同回顧中國—東盟對話關(guān)系發(fā)展成就，總結(jié)經(jīng)驗和啟示，并為雙方關(guān)系未來發(fā)展規(guī)劃方向。雙方還舉行了外交、經(jīng)貿(mào)、質(zhì)檢等部長會議。雙方全年舉辦了一系列紀(jì)念活動,包括中國—東盟建立對話關(guān)系25周年紀(jì)念招待會、第九屆中國—東盟教育交流周、第二屆中國—東盟省市長對話、中國—東盟建立對話關(guān)系25周年研討會和中國—東盟周等。
The year 2016 sees the 25th anniversary of the China-ASEAN Dialogue and the Year of China-ASEAN Educational Exchanges. On September 7, the 19th China-ASEAN Summit to Commemorate the 25th Anniversary of China-ASEAN Dialogue was held in Vientiane, Laos. Premier Li Keqiang attended and reviewed with ASEAN leaders the progress in bilateral relations, summarized experiences, and outlined the direction for future development. The two sides have also held meetings of their ministers of foreign affairs, economy and trade, quality management and inspection. A series of commemoration events have been hosted, including the Reception in Commemoration of the 25th Anniversary of China-ASEAN Dialogue Relations, Ninth China-ASEAN Education Cooperation Week, Second China-ASEAN Governors/Mayors Dialogue, International Conference to Celebrate the 25th Anniversary of China-ASEAN Dialogue Relations and China-ASEAN Week.
（二）東盟與中日韓（10+3）合作。東盟與中日韓（10+3）合作是東亞合作的主渠道。中方推動各方加大投入，落實好《第二東亞展望小組（EAVGⅡ）報告》和《2013－2017年10+3合作工作計劃》。中方積極推動清邁倡議多邊化（CMIM）進(jìn)程，支持進(jìn)一步加強CMIM的實用性和有效性，支持10+3宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)研究辦公室（AMRO）升級為國際組織后繼續(xù)加強能力建設(shè)，維護(hù)東亞經(jīng)濟(jì)和金融穩(wěn)定。中方還推動《區(qū)域全面經(jīng)濟(jì)伙伴關(guān)系協(xié)定》（RCEP）貨物貿(mào)易、服務(wù)貿(mào)易和投資的市場準(zhǔn)入模式談判取得積極進(jìn)展，并推動各方發(fā)表《RCEP領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人聯(lián)合聲明》。
2. ASEAN Plus Three (APT) Cooperation
ASEAN Plus Three (APT) cooperation is the main vehicle for East Asia cooperation. China has called upon all parties to increase their input in implementing the Report of the East Asia Vision Group II and ASEAN Plus Three Cooperation Work Plan 2013-2017, actively advanced the Chiang Mai Initiative Multilateralization (CMIM) process, and supported the greater readiness and effectiveness of the CMIM and the capacity building of the ASEAN+3 Macroeconomic Research Office after its upgrading to an international organization, so as to contribute to East Asia’s economic and financial stability. China has also pushed forward the negotiations on trade in goods and services, and the model of access to investment markets under the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP), and encouraged other parties to issue the Joint Statement on RCEP Negotiations.
2016年9月7日，第19次東盟與中日韓（10+3）領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人會議在老撾萬象舉行。李克強總理就10+3合作提出六點建議：加強金融安全合作，深化貿(mào)易投資合作，推動農(nóng)業(yè)和減貧合作，促進(jìn)互聯(lián)互通建設(shè)，創(chuàng)新產(chǎn)業(yè)合作模式，增進(jìn)社會人文交流。
On September 7, 2016, the 19th ASEAN Plus Three Summit was held in Vientiane, Laos, during which Premier Li Keqiang made six proposals on enhancing APT cooperation: to reinforce financial security cooperation, to expand trade and investment cooperation, to promote agricultural and poverty reduction cooperation, to increase the level of connectivity, to create new models for industrial cooperation, and to expand cultural and people-to-people exchanges.
2015年以來，中方積極推動10+3框架下的務(wù)實合作，舉辦了第七屆東亞商務(wù)論壇、“了解中國”項目、第九屆和第十屆文化人力資源開發(fā)合作研討班、東亞投資高層論壇、第六屆糧食安全合作戰(zhàn)略圓桌會議、第二屆東亞現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)研修班、青年科學(xué)家交流活動、百名高級漢語人才重返中國項目、第四屆10+3互聯(lián)互通伙伴關(guān)系國際研討會、第三期和第四期10+3村官交流項目和第14屆亞洲藝術(shù)節(jié)。
Since 2015, China has vigorously promoted practical cooperation within the APT framework, and held a series of events, including the Seventh East Asia Business Forum, Training Program on Understanding China, Ninth and Tenth Workshops on Cooperation for Cultural Human Resource Development, East Asia High-Level Investment Forum, Sixth Roundtable Meeting on Food Security, Second East Asia Modern Agricultural Workshop, exchange activities for young scientists, “Return to China” Project Cultural Event Series, Fourth International Workshop on ASEAN Plus Three Connectivity Partnership, Third and Fourth ASEAN Plus Three Village Leaders Exchange Programs, and 14th Asian Arts Festival.
（三）中日韓合作。中日韓是東亞重要國家，是引領(lǐng)東亞經(jīng)濟(jì)一體化的主要力量，加強三國合作有利于三國自身發(fā)展，也有利于促進(jìn)本地區(qū)穩(wěn)定與繁榮。
3. China-Japan-ROK Cooperation
As major countries in East Asia, China, Japan and the ROK are the main drivers of East Asia economic integration. Stronger trilateral cooperation will be conducive not only to the development of the three countries, but also to regional stability and prosperity.
2015年，隨著中日、韓日雙邊關(guān)系的改善，中日韓合作迎來新的上升期，各領(lǐng)域務(wù)實合作全面推進(jìn)。11月1日，第六次中日韓領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人會議在韓國首爾舉行。三國領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人就三國合作和共同關(guān)心的國際和地區(qū)問題深入交換了意見，重申了對三國合作的高度重視，一致同意本著“正視歷史、面向未來”的精神，妥善處理有關(guān)問題，深化在政治、經(jīng)貿(mào)財金、可持續(xù)發(fā)展、人文等領(lǐng)域合作。會議發(fā)表《關(guān)于東北亞和平與合作的聯(lián)合宣言》及農(nóng)業(yè)、教育、經(jīng)貿(mào)等領(lǐng)域的聯(lián)合聲明，進(jìn)一步豐富了三國合作內(nèi)涵，為三國合作發(fā)展指明了方向。
In 2015, China-Japan and ROK-Japan relations improved to some extent, ushering in a new phase of greater practical cooperation among the three countries in various fields. The Sixth China-Japan-ROK Summit was held on November 1 in Seoul, the Republic of Korea, where leaders of the three countries had an in-depth exchange of views on trilateral cooperation and international and regional issues of common interest, reiterated the importance they placed on trilateral cooperation, and agreed to properly handle relevant issues in the spirit of “facing history squarely and working together for the future,” enhancing cooperation in political, economic, trade, fiscal, financial and cultural fields as well as on sustainable development. The meeting issued the Joint Declaration for Peace and Cooperation in Northeast Asia and other joint statements in agricultural, educational, and economic and trade sectors, which further enriched the trilateral cooperation and charted a course for future cooperation.
2015年以來，三國還舉辦了中日韓外交、旅游、水資源、環(huán)境、財政、經(jīng)貿(mào)、農(nóng)業(yè)、文化、衛(wèi)生部長會議，災(zāi)害管理部長級會議，央行行長、人事部門首長會議，三方警務(wù)工作會晤、反恐磋商、林業(yè)司局長會晤、大學(xué)交流合作促進(jìn)委員會會議、東北亞名人會、災(zāi)害管理桌面演練、海洋科學(xué)研討會和中日韓合作國際論壇等活動，并舉行了多輪中日韓自貿(mào)協(xié)定談判。
Since 2015, a number of meetings, forums and events among China, Japan and the ROK have been held, including the Ministerial Meetings on Foreign Affairs, Tourism, Water Resource, Environment, Finance, Economic and Trade, Agriculture, Culture, Health and Disaster Management, Central Bank Governors’ Meeting, Meeting of Heads of Personnel Authorities, Trilateral Police Affairs Consultation and Counter-Terrorism Consultation, Director Generals’ Meeting on Forestry Cooperation, Meeting of the Committee for Promoting Exchanges and Cooperation Among Universities, Northeast Asia Trilateral Forum, Tabletop Exercise on Disaster Management, Workshop on Marine Sciences and International Forum for Trilateral Cooperation, and several rounds of negotiations for a Free Trade Area.
（四）東亞峰會。東亞峰會是“領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人引領(lǐng)的戰(zhàn)略論壇”。2015年以來，東亞峰會合作進(jìn)展顯著。在中方推動下，第五屆東亞峰會外長會決定將《落實〈金邊發(fā)展宣言〉行動計劃》執(zhí)行期限延長至2017年。
4. East Asia Summit (EAS)
The East Asia Summit (EAS) is a leaders-led strategic forum. Remarkable progress has been made in EAS cooperation since 2015. Called for by China, the Fifth EAS Foreign Ministers’ Meeting decided to extend the deadline of implementing the Plan of Action to Implement the Phnom Penh Declaration on the EAS Development Initiative to 2017.
2016年9月8日，第11屆東亞峰會在老撾萬象舉行。李克強總理出席會議并指出，經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展合作與政治安全合作是驅(qū)動?xùn)|亞峰會的兩個“輪子”，應(yīng)該相互促進(jìn)、同步前進(jìn)。在經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展方面，要大力支持地區(qū)互聯(lián)互通，加快推進(jìn)自貿(mào)區(qū)建設(shè)，加強社會民生領(lǐng)域合作。在政治安全方面，要倡導(dǎo)共同、綜合、合作、可持續(xù)的新安全觀，加強非傳統(tǒng)安全合作，探討區(qū)域安全架構(gòu)建設(shè)，妥善處理熱點敏感問題。
At the 11th EAS held in Vientiane, Laos, on September 8, 2016, Premier Li Keqiang pointed out that cooperation in economic development and cooperation in political security were the two engines propelling the EAS, which should coordinate and synchronize with each other. On economic development, all parties should render strong support to regional connectivity, step up construction of free trade areas, and strengthen cooperation in social undertakings and people’s livelihood. On political security, China advocates the new security concept featuring common, comprehensive, cooperative and sustainable security, and supports all parties to strengthen cooperation on non-traditional security, discuss the building of a regional security framework, and properly settle hotspot and sensitive issues.
中方積極推動?xùn)|亞峰會各領(lǐng)域合作。2015年以來，中方主辦了東亞峰會第二屆新能源論壇、第二屆清潔能源論壇、野生動物保護(hù)研討會、印太海洋安全合作二軌研討會、第五屆區(qū)域安全架構(gòu)研討會以及第四次和第五次東亞峰會地震應(yīng)急演練等合作項目。
China actively promotes cooperation in various areas of the EAS. Since 2015, China has hosted the Second EAS New Energy Forum, Second EAS Clean Energy Forum, EAS Wildlife Protection Symposium, EAS Track II Seminar on Maritime Cooperation for Security in the Indian and Pacific Oceans, Fifth EAS Workshop on Regional Security Framework, and the Fourth and Fifth EAS Earthquake Search and Rescue Exercises.
（五）東盟地區(qū)論壇。東盟地區(qū)論壇是亞太地區(qū)具有重要影響力和較強包容性的官方多邊安全對話與合作平臺。各方堅持以建立信任措施為核心，在共識基礎(chǔ)上穩(wěn)步推動預(yù)防性外交進(jìn)程，積極推動非傳統(tǒng)安全合作不斷走實。
5. ASEAN Regional Forum (ARF)
The ARF has become an influential and inclusive platform for official multilateral security dialogue and cooperation in the Asia-Pacific region. All parties have been making confidence-building measures as their core mission, promoting preventive diplomacy based on consensus, and steadily enhancing cooperation in non-traditional security fields.
2016年7月26日，第23屆東盟地區(qū)論壇外長會在老撾萬象舉行。中方指出，各方應(yīng)將建立信任措施貫穿于論壇進(jìn)程始終，在共識基礎(chǔ)上循序漸進(jìn)探索符合地區(qū)實際的預(yù)防性外交模式。同時，應(yīng)加強對話合作，增進(jìn)地區(qū)國家間理解與互信，共同應(yīng)對非傳統(tǒng)安全威脅等挑戰(zhàn)，推動論壇為促進(jìn)地區(qū)和平安全作出更大貢獻(xiàn)。
On July 26, 2016, the 23rd ARF Ministerial Meeting was held in Vientiane, Laos. The Chinese side pointed out that the forum should focus on confidence-building measures throughout the whole process, and explore a preventive diplomacy mode compatible with the regional situation step by step on the basis of consensus. All sides should further strengthen dialogue and cooperation, enhance understanding and mutual trust among regional countries, work together to cope with non-traditional security threats and other challenges, and enable the forum to make greater contributions to regional peace and security.
中方積極引領(lǐng)論壇框架下的務(wù)實合作。2015年以來，中方主辦了網(wǎng)絡(luò)安全能力建設(shè)研討會、第三屆外空安全研討會、海上風(fēng)險管控與安全合作研討會、海上溢油應(yīng)急管理與處置合作研討會、打擊犯罪分子跨境流動研討會、綠色航運研討會和城市應(yīng)急救援研討班等合作項目。
China has actively led practical cooperation within the framework of the ARF. Since 2015, it has hosted the Workshop on Cyber Security Capacity Building, Third ARF Workshop on Space Security, ARF Seminar on Maritime Risk Management and Cooperation, ARF Workshop on Marine Oil Spill Emergency Response and Management and Disposal Cooperation, ARF Workshop on Strengthening Management of Cross-Border Movement of Criminals, ARF Workshop on Green Shipping, and ARF Workshop on Urban Emergency Rescue.
（六）東盟防長擴(kuò)大會。東盟防長擴(kuò)大會是亞太地區(qū)級別最高、規(guī)模最大的防務(wù)安全對話與合作機(jī)制，對增進(jìn)各成員國防務(wù)部門和軍隊間互信、促進(jìn)務(wù)實合作發(fā)揮了重要作用。
6. ASEAN Defence Ministers’ Meeting Plus (ADMM-Plus)
The ADMM-Plus is the highest-level and largest defence and security dialogue and cooperation mechanism in the Asia-Pacific region. It has played a vital role in enhancing mutual trust and promoting pragmatic cooperation among the defence ministries and armed forces of all parties.
2015年11月4日，第三屆東盟防長擴(kuò)大會在馬來西亞吉隆坡舉行。中方指出，各方應(yīng)推動建設(shè)開放、包容、透明、平等的地區(qū)安全合作架構(gòu)，不斷深化防務(wù)領(lǐng)域務(wù)實合作，妥善處理爭議、管控風(fēng)險，共同維護(hù)地區(qū)和平穩(wěn)定。
On November 4, 2015, at the Third ADMM-Plus held in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, the Chinese side pointed out that all parties should push for the building of an open, inclusive, transparent and even-handed regional security cooperation framework, keep deepening pragmatic defence cooperation, properly handle disputes, manage and control risks, and jointly safeguard regional peace and stability.
2016年以來，中國軍隊在該機(jī)制框架下先后參加了在印度舉行的維和與掃雷行動聯(lián)合演練、在文萊和新加坡舉行的海上安全與反恐聯(lián)合演練。2017年至2020年，中國與泰國將擔(dān)任反恐專家組共同主席國。
In 2016, the Chinese military has participated in the ADMM-Plus peacekeeping and demining joint exercise in India and the maritime security and counter-terrorism exercises in Brunei and Singapore. From 2017 to 2020, China and Thailand will co-chair the ADMM-Plus Experts’ Working Group on Counter-terrorism.
（七）瀾滄江—湄公河合作。建立瀾湄合作機(jī)制是李克強總理在2014年11月第17次中國—東盟領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人會議上提出的重要倡議，旨在通過務(wù)實合作，進(jìn)一步深化瀾湄六國睦鄰友好，促進(jìn)次區(qū)域國家經(jīng)濟(jì)社會發(fā)展，打造團(tuán)結(jié)互助、平等協(xié)商、互惠互利、合作共贏的瀾湄國家命運共同體。該機(jī)制成員包括中國、柬埔寨、老撾、緬甸、泰國、越南六國。
7. Lancang-Mekong Cooperation (LMC)
The establishment of the Lancang-Mekong Cooperation (LMC) framework was an important initiative put forward by Premier Li Keqiang at the 17th China-ASEAN Summit in November 2014. This initiative aims to enhance good-neighborliness and friendship among the six countries along the Lancang-Mekong River through pragmatic cooperation, promote sub-regional economic and social development, and forge a community of shared future for solidarity, mutual assistance, even-handed consultation, shared benefits and mutually beneficial cooperation in the sub-region. The LMC framework has China, Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar, Thailand and Vietnam as its members.
瀾湄合作取得積極進(jìn)展，截至2016年11月已舉辦一次領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人會議、一次外長會和三次高官會。2015年11月，首次外長會在云南景洪成功舉行。六國外長共同宣布啟動瀾湄合作進(jìn)程，并就瀾湄合作未來發(fā)展方向和機(jī)制架構(gòu)等達(dá)成廣泛共識，提出了一批合作項目建議。
The LMC has registered encouraging progress. One leaders’ meeting, one foreign ministers’ meeting and three senior officials’ meetings have been held by November 2016. In November 2015, the First LMC Foreign Ministers’ Meeting was held in Jinghong, in China’s Yunnan Province, at which the foreign ministers of the six countries announced the start of the LMC process, reached broad consensus on the direction of future cooperation and the structure of the LMC, and put forward proposals for a number of cooperation projects.
2016年3月23日，瀾湄合作首次領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人會議在海南三亞舉行，瀾湄合作機(jī)制正式啟航。六國領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人共同回顧了瀾湄合作進(jìn)展并展望未來方向，一致同意對接發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略，統(tǒng)籌合作資源，共享發(fā)展成果，共建瀾湄國家命運共同體。會議確認(rèn)了“3+5”合作框架，即堅持政治安全、經(jīng)濟(jì)和可持續(xù)發(fā)展、社會人文三大合作支柱，確定互聯(lián)互通、產(chǎn)能、跨境經(jīng)濟(jì)、水資源、農(nóng)業(yè)減貧五個優(yōu)先方向。會議發(fā)表了《瀾湄合作首次領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人會議三亞宣言》《瀾湄國家產(chǎn)能合作聯(lián)合聲明》，通過早期收獲項目聯(lián)合清單，涉及互聯(lián)互通、水資源、衛(wèi)生、減貧等多個領(lǐng)域。
On March 23, 2016, the First LMC Leaders’ Meeting was held in Sanya, in China’s Hainan Province, officially launching the LMC framework. Leaders of the six countries reviewed past progress, shared their vision for the future of the LMC, and agreed to coordinate their strategies for development, make overall planning of their cooperation resources, share the benefits of development, and build a community of shared future among the Lancang-Mekong countries. The meeting confirmed the “3+5” mechanism of cooperation: the three cooperation pillars of political and security issues, economic and sustainable development, and cultural and people-to-people exchanges; and the five key priority areas of connectivity, production capacity, cross-border economic cooperation, water resources, and agriculture and poverty reduction. The meeting issued the Sanya Declaration of the First Lancang-Mekong Cooperation Leaders’ Meeting and the Joint Statement on Production Capacity Cooperation Among the Lancang-Mekong Countries, and adopted a joint list of early-harvest programs in areas such as connectivity, water resources, public health and poverty reduction.
（八）上海合作組織。2015年以來，上合組織保持健康穩(wěn)定發(fā)展勢頭，政治、安全、經(jīng)濟(jì)、人文等領(lǐng)域合作不斷取得新成果，國際地位和影響力持續(xù)上升。
8. Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO)
Since 2015, the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) has maintained sound and steady development. Progress has been made in political, security, economic and cultural cooperation, leading to the firmer international standing and greater influence of the SCO.
2015年7月9日至10日，上合組織成員國元首理事會第15次會議在俄羅斯烏法舉行，習(xí)近平主席出席會議。成員國元首簽署《上海合作組織成員國元首烏法宣言》《上海合作組織成員國邊防合作協(xié)定》，批準(zhǔn)《上海合作組織至2025年發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略》《上海合作組織成員國打擊恐怖主義、分裂主義和極端主義2016年至2018年合作綱要》等重要文件。
President Xi Jinping attended the 15th Meeting of the Council of the Heads of State of the SCO member states on July 9-10, 2015 in Ufa, Russia, where they signed the Ufa Declaration of the Heads of State of SCO Member States and the SCO Member States Agreement on Border Defence Cooperation, and approved important documents including the Shanghai Cooperation Organization’s Development Strategy until 2025 and the SCO Member States 2016-2018 Cooperation Program on Combating Terrorism, Separatism and Extremism.
2015年12月14日至15日，中方主辦上合組織成員國政府首腦（總理）理事會第14次會議，李克強總理主持。會議對下一階段各領(lǐng)域務(wù)實合作發(fā)展作出規(guī)劃，發(fā)表《上海合作組織成員國政府首腦（總理）關(guān)于區(qū)域經(jīng)濟(jì)合作的聲明》，批準(zhǔn)《關(guān)于成立上合組織開發(fā)銀行和發(fā)展基金（專門賬戶）下一步工作》等決議，見證簽署《2016—2021年上合組織成員國海關(guān)合作綱要》《上合組織秘書處與聯(lián)合國亞太經(jīng)社會秘書處之間的諒解備忘錄》。
Premier Li Keqiang chaired the 14th Meeting of the Council of the Heads of Government (Prime Ministers) of the SCO member states held in China on December 14-15, 2015. The leaders at the meeting laid out plans for cooperation in various fields for the next stage, issued the Statement of the Heads of Government (Prime Ministers) of SCO Member States on Regional Economic Cooperation, adopted the resolution on Preparation for Creating the SCO Development Bank and the SCO Development Foundation (Specialized Account), and witnessed the signing of the Program of Interaction Between the Customs Agencies of the SCO member states for 2016-2021 and the Memorandum of Understanding between the Secretariat of the SCO and the Secretariat of the UN Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific.
2016年6月23日至24日，上合組織成員國元首理事會第16次會議在烏茲別克斯坦塔什干舉行，習(xí)近平主席出席會議。成員國元首簽署《上合組織成立十五周年塔什干宣言》，批準(zhǔn)《〈至2025年發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略〉2016—2020年落實行動計劃》，批準(zhǔn)簽署關(guān)于印度、巴基斯坦加入上合組織義務(wù)的備忘錄。
On June 23-24, 2016, the 16th Meeting of the Council of the Heads of State of the SCO member states was held in Tashkent, Uzbekistan. President Xi Jinping attended the meeting. The heads of the member states signed the Tashkent Declaration on the 15th Anniversary of the SCO, approved the Action Plan for 2016-2020 on Implementation of the SCO Development Strategy Towards 2025, and adopted the Memorandums of the Obligations on the Entry of the Republic of India and the Islamic Republic of Pakistan to the SCO.
2015年以來，安全會議秘書以及外交、國防、經(jīng)貿(mào)、文化、緊急救災(zāi)等各部門負(fù)責(zé)人會議機(jī)制化舉行，進(jìn)一步深化和拓展了各領(lǐng)域合作，擴(kuò)大了國際影響。中國積極推動并參與上合組織各領(lǐng)域合作，與其他成員國、觀察員國和對話伙伴的雙邊關(guān)系持續(xù)發(fā)展。
Since 2015, meetings of heads of various departments including security council secretaries, foreign ministers, defence ministers, economic and trade ministers, culture ministers and heads of emergency response agencies have been held. These meetings deepened and expanded cooperation in various fields, and increased the SCO’s international influence. China has promoted and participated in SCO cooperation across the board. China’s bilateral relations with other SCO member states, observer states and dialogue partners have continued to grow.
（九）亞洲相互協(xié)作與信任措施會議。2016年4月27日至28日，亞信第五次外長會議在北京舉行。習(xí)近平主席出席開幕式并發(fā)表重要講話。會議發(fā)表《關(guān)于通過對話促進(jìn)亞洲和平、安全、穩(wěn)定和可持續(xù)發(fā)展的宣言》，通過《亞信成員國2016—2018年禁毒合作行動計劃》和《亞信成員國2016—2018年落實中小企業(yè)發(fā)展領(lǐng)域信任措施行動計劃》。
9. Conference on Interaction and Confidence-Building Measures in Asia (CICA)
On April 27-28, 2016, the Fifth Meeting of the Ministers of Foreign Affairs of the CICA member states was held in Beijing. President Xi Jinping attended the opening ceremony and delivered an important speech. The meeting issued the Declaration on Promoting Peace, Security, Stability and Sustainable Development in Asia Through Dialogue and adopted the 2016-2018 Cooperation Initiative of the CICA Member States for Drug Control and the 2016-2018 CICA Initiative for the Implementation of Confidence-Building Measures for the Development of Small and Medium Enterprises.
中國積極落實亞信各領(lǐng)域信任措施，創(chuàng)新亞信合作平臺。2015年以來，中國舉辦亞信青年委員會成立大會、亞信實業(yè)家委員會成立大會、首屆亞信非政府論壇年會以及第三屆亞信智庫圓桌會議，促進(jìn)落實人文、經(jīng)濟(jì)領(lǐng)域信任措施，推動成員國青年、民間組織和智庫間的對話交流。
China has actively implemented the confidence-building measures of CICA in all fields and made innovative efforts in the cooperation platform of CICA. Since 2015, China has hosted the founding conference of the CICA Youth Council, founding assembly of CICA Business Council, First CICA Non-Governmental Forum and Third Think Tank Roundtable, which have helped to implement the confidence-building measures in cultural and economic fields, and promoted dialogue and exchange among young people, NGOs and think tanks.
六、中國參與地區(qū)非傳統(tǒng)安全合作
VI. China’s Participation in Regional Non-Traditional Security Cooperation
（一）救災(zāi)合作。2015年以來，中國繼續(xù)積極參與和推動亞太救災(zāi)交流合作，主辦第八屆上合組織成員國緊急救災(zāi)部門領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人會議、中日韓第三屆災(zāi)害管理桌面推演，與馬來西亞聯(lián)合主辦東盟地區(qū)論壇第四次救災(zāi)演習(xí)，參加第三屆世界減災(zāi)大會、亞洲減災(zāi)部長級對話會、上合組織成員國緊急救災(zāi)部門國際演練、亞太經(jīng)合組織第九次災(zāi)害管理高官論壇、聯(lián)合國國際搜索與救援咨詢團(tuán)亞太地震應(yīng)急演練等國際會議和活動。
1. Disaster Relief
Since 2015, the Chinese government has been actively involved in and promoted exchanges and cooperation on disaster relief in the Asia-Pacific region. China hosted the Eighth SCO Meeting of Heads of Emergency Prevention and Relief Agencies and the Third China-Japan-ROK Tabletop Exercise on Disaster Management, co-hosted with Malaysia the Fourth ARF Disaster Relief Exercise, and participated in the Third UN World Conference on Disaster Risk Reduction, Asian Ministerial Conference on Disaster Risk Reduction, International Drill of the Emergency Prevention and Relief Agencies of the SCO Member States, the Ninth APEC Senior Disaster Management Officials’ Forum and International Search and Rescue Advisory Group Asia-Pacific Regional Earthquake Response Exercise.
2015年1月、7月和2016年5月，馬來西亞、緬甸、斯里蘭卡遭遇特大洪澇災(zāi)害，中國第一時間向三國提供緊急救災(zāi)物資。2015年4月尼泊爾發(fā)生強震后，中國多支救援隊、醫(yī)療防疫隊和運輸分隊赴尼泊爾開展災(zāi)后援助工作，并向尼泊爾軍方提供野戰(zhàn)機(jī)動醫(yī)院。
In January and July 2015 and in May 2016, when Malaysia, Myanmar and Sri Lanka were hit by devastating floods, China immediately provided relief supplies to the three countries. In the wake of severe earthquakes in Nepal in April 2015, China sent rescue and medical teams and transportation detachments to the country and provided mobile field hospitals in support of disaster-relief efforts.
中國政府將在災(zāi)害管理領(lǐng)域與各方進(jìn)一步完善官員互訪、信息共享、人員培訓(xùn)、技術(shù)交流、模擬演練、科研合作、物資儲備、緊急救援等機(jī)制，加強亞太區(qū)域多邊和雙邊救災(zāi)務(wù)實合作，共同提升地區(qū)減災(zāi)救災(zāi)能力。
The Chinese government will continue to work with relevant parties to improve mutual visits of officials, information sharing, personnel training, technological exchanges, simulation exercises, scientific research cooperation, material reserves and emergency aid, to enhance practical bilateral and multilateral cooperation in disaster relief, and improve disaster mitigation and relief capacity in the Asia-Pacific area.
（二）反恐合作。2015年以來，中國先后與周邊多個國家開展打擊涉恐偷渡犯罪合作，成功抓獲了一批在本地區(qū)活動猖獗的涉恐嫌犯和“蛇頭”，重挫了“東伊運”等恐怖組織非法偷渡網(wǎng)絡(luò)，有效抵制和防范了“東伊運”等恐怖組織對本地區(qū)的滲透。
2. Counter-Terrorism Cooperation
Since 2015, China has cooperated with a number of neighboring countries in combating terrorism-related human smuggling, and arrested a number of terrorist suspects and human smugglers active in the region. These efforts dealt a heavy blow to the illegal human smuggling networks of the “Eastern Turkistan Islamic Movement” (ETIM) and other terrorist organizations, and effectively countered and prevented the infiltration efforts of the ETIM and other terrorist organizations.
中國分別同美國、俄羅斯、加拿大、英國、印度、巴基斯坦、韓國、印度尼西亞等國舉行雙邊反恐磋商，并成功主辦東盟地區(qū)論壇第13屆反恐與打擊跨國犯罪會間會，推動在打擊互聯(lián)網(wǎng)暴力恐怖音（視）頻和恐怖分子跨境活動等方面加強合作。同時，中國積極參與亞太經(jīng)合組織反恐工作組、“全球反恐論壇”，并與東盟共同舉辦打擊跨國犯罪部長級會議，就反恐合作加強交流。
China has held bilateral anti-terrorism consultations with the US, Russia, Canada, the United Kingdom, India, Pakistan, the ROK and Indonesia, hosted the 13th ARF Inter-Sessional Meeting on Counter-terrorism and Transnational Crimes, and promoted cooperation on combating Internet-spread violent and terrorist audios/videos and cross-border terrorist activities. In addition, by taking an active part in the APEC Counter-terrorism Working Group, the Global Counter-terrorism Forum and the ASEAN plus China Meeting on Transnational Crime at ministerial level, China has strengthened exchanges in anti-terrorism cooperation.
阿富汗、中國、巴基斯坦、塔吉克斯坦建立了“阿中巴塔”四國軍隊反恐合作協(xié)調(diào)機(jī)制，旨在就反恐形勢研判、線索核查、情報共享、反恐能力建設(shè)、反恐聯(lián)合訓(xùn)練、人員培訓(xùn)方面開展協(xié)調(diào)并提供相互支持。
China, Afghanistan, Pakistan and Tajikistan have established a coordination mechanism on counter-terrorism cooperation among the military forces of the four countries, aimed at conducting coordination on situation analysis, verification of clues, sharing of intelligence, capacity building, joint training and personnel training, and providing mutual assistance.
（三）打擊跨國犯罪合作。中國政府高度重視打擊跨國犯罪，致力于全面、切實履行《聯(lián)合國打擊跨國有組織犯罪公約》。中國已與70個國家締結(jié)司法協(xié)助、引渡等條約共123項，積極與美國、加拿大等國建立雙邊司法和執(zhí)法合作機(jī)制，為與有關(guān)國家共同打擊各類跨國犯罪提供了堅實的法律基礎(chǔ)和有效的機(jī)制平臺。
3. Cooperation in Combating Transnational Crimes
The Chinese government places high importance on combating trans-national crimes, and is committed to fully and earnestly implementing the United Nations Convention Against Transnational Organized Crime (UNTOC). China has concluded 123 judicial assistance and extradition treaties with 70 countries, and actively promoted the establishment of bilateral judicial and law-enforcement cooperation mechanisms with the US and Canada. These efforts have provided a solid legal basis and effective platform for China’s cooperation with relevant countries in combating transnational crime in all forms.
中國積極參與打擊跨國有組織犯罪國際合作，與聯(lián)合國及其他國際和區(qū)域組織保持良好合作，深入推進(jìn)湄公河流域執(zhí)法安全合作，并與東南亞有關(guān)國家多次開展打擊跨國犯罪聯(lián)合行動，有效打擊了拐賣人口、電信詐騙、經(jīng)濟(jì)犯罪、毒品犯罪等本地區(qū)突出的犯罪。2015年10月，中國舉辦“安全促發(fā)展”中國—東盟執(zhí)法安全合作部長級對話暨湄公河流域執(zhí)法安全合作部長級會議。在第二屆湄公河“平安航道”聯(lián)合掃毒行動中，中國、老撾、緬甸、泰國密切合作，抓獲犯罪嫌疑人萬余人，破獲毒品案件約9000起，繳獲大量毒品和易制毒化學(xué)品。
China is actively involved in international cooperation in combating transnational organized crimes and maintains sound cooperation with the UN and other international and regional organizations. It has facilitated law-enforcement and security cooperation along the Mekong River and conducted multiple joint actions with Southeast Asian countries in combating transnational crimes, and effectively fought against human trafficking, telecom fraud, economic crimes and drug-related crimes that are prevalent in the region. In October 2015, China hosted the China-ASEAN Ministerial Dialogue on Law Enforcement and Security Cooperation with the theme “Security for Prosperity” and the Ministerial Meeting on Law Enforcement and Security Cooperation along the Mekong River. In the Second Safe Mekong Joint Operation by China, Laos, Myanmar and Thailand, over 10,000 suspects were arrested, more than 9,000 drug-related cases were solved, and a large quantity of narcotics was seized.
中國愿意與有關(guān)各國加強司法和執(zhí)法合作，共同打擊跨國犯罪，同時希望各國進(jìn)一步提升國際合作的政治意愿，努力克服法律制度的差異，積極推進(jìn)在《聯(lián)合國打擊跨國有組織犯罪公約》框架下的合作，包括以公約為法律基礎(chǔ)進(jìn)行引渡合作，提供廣泛的司法協(xié)助，并就犯罪所得的返還和分享積極開展合作。中國鼓勵相關(guān)各國談判締結(jié)雙邊司法協(xié)助條約和引渡條約，推動打擊跨國犯罪國際合作不斷取得實實在在的成果。
China stands ready to enhance judicial and law-enforcement cooperation with relevant countries in a joint effort to fight transnational crimes, and calls on all countries to enhance their political will for international cooperation, overcome differences in legal systems, promote cooperation within the framework of the UNTOC, including cooperation on extradition, provide wide judicial assistance, and cooperate in the recovery and disposal of criminal proceeds. China also encourages countries concerned to negotiate and conclude bilateral extradition and judicial assistance treaties for more concrete outcomes in cooperation to combat trans-national crimes.
（四）網(wǎng)絡(luò)安全。當(dāng)前，網(wǎng)絡(luò)安全問題的重要性進(jìn)一步前移。亞太國家高度重視網(wǎng)絡(luò)安全問題，不斷加大對網(wǎng)絡(luò)安全的投入，積極開展對話和區(qū)域合作。中國是網(wǎng)絡(luò)安全的堅定維護(hù)者，支持并積極參與國際社會加強網(wǎng)絡(luò)安全的努力。中國主張網(wǎng)絡(luò)空間應(yīng)用于促進(jìn)社會經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展、國際和平與穩(wěn)定和人類福祉，倡導(dǎo)各方在相互尊重、平等互利基礎(chǔ)上，加強對話合作，共同構(gòu)建和平、安全、開放、合作的網(wǎng)絡(luò)空間，建立多邊、民主、透明的互聯(lián)網(wǎng)國際治理體系，認(rèn)為當(dāng)務(wù)之急是在聯(lián)合國框架下制定各方普遍接受的網(wǎng)絡(luò)空間國際行為準(zhǔn)則。
4. Cyber Security
Currently, cyber security is acquiring greater importance. Asia-Pacific countries are placing high importance on cyber security, increasing input and actively conducting dialogue and regional cooperation on this issue. China is a staunch supporter of and an active participant in international efforts to ensure cyber security. It believes that cyberspace should be used to promote economic and social development, maintain international peace and stability, and improve the well-being of mankind. Countries should strengthen dialogue and cooperation on the basis of mutual respect, equality and mutual benefit, and build a peaceful, secure, open and cooperative cyberspace and a multilateral, democratic and transparent international Internet regime. It is imperative that a universally accepted international code of conduct is formulated within the UN framework.
2015年以來，中國繼續(xù)積極推動并深入?yún)⑴c聯(lián)合國框架下網(wǎng)絡(luò)安全進(jìn)程。中國與上海合作組織其他成員國共同向聯(lián)合國大會提交“信息安全國際行為準(zhǔn)則”更新案文。中國深入?yún)⑴c并推動聯(lián)合國信息安全政府專家組達(dá)成最后報告，確認(rèn)《聯(lián)合國憲章》主權(quán)平等、不干涉內(nèi)政、不使用武力等原則適用網(wǎng)絡(luò)空間，為推動網(wǎng)絡(luò)空間國際規(guī)則制定作出貢獻(xiàn)。中國以建設(shè)性態(tài)度參加聯(lián)合國互聯(lián)網(wǎng)治理論壇、信息社會世界峰會高級別會議。
Since 2015, China has continued to promote cyber security within the UN framework, and been deeply involved in the process. China and other SCO member states have jointly submitted an updated version of the International Code of Conduct for Information Security to the UN General Assembly. China has contributed to the endeavors to formulate international rules governing cyberspace by taking an active part in and facilitating the efforts of the UN’s Group of Governmental Experts on Cyber Security to produce its final report, which affirms that the principles enshrined in the Charter of the United Nations, including sovereign equality, non-interference in others’ internal affairs, and non-use of force, also apply to cyberspace. China has also played a constructive role in the UN Internet Governance Forum and the High-Level Meeting on the Overall Review of the Implementation of the Outcomes of the World Summit on the Information Society.
中國不斷加強與地區(qū)國家雙邊網(wǎng)絡(luò)對話與務(wù)實合作。中國與俄羅斯簽署信息安全合作協(xié)定并舉行新一輪網(wǎng)絡(luò)安全磋商，舉行中日韓、中韓、中歐等網(wǎng)絡(luò)對話，與美舉行打擊網(wǎng)絡(luò)犯罪及相關(guān)事項高級別聯(lián)合對話等會議。
China has continuously strengthened bilateral dialogues and practical cooperation on cyber security with countries in the region. China and Russia have signed the Information Security Cooperation Agreement and held a new round of consultation on cyber security. China-Japan-ROK, China-ROK and China-EU dialogues on cyber security have been held. China and the US held the High-Level Joint Dialogue on Cybercrime and Related Issues.
中國高度重視并積極參與東盟地區(qū)論壇以及金磚國家、上合組織等區(qū)域機(jī)制，推動地區(qū)網(wǎng)絡(luò)安全合作平衡包容發(fā)展。積極參與金磚國家網(wǎng)絡(luò)安全工作組及上合組織信息安全專家組，推動亞非法協(xié)設(shè)立“網(wǎng)絡(luò)空間國際法”工作組，成功舉辦世界互聯(lián)網(wǎng)大會等重要會議。
China attaches great importance to and takes an active part in regional mechanisms under the ARF, BRICS and SCO in order to promote balanced and inclusive development of network security cooperation in the region. China is actively involved in the BRICS Expert Working Group on Cyber-Security and the SCO Expert Group on International Information Security, and has worked on the Asian-African Legal Consultative Organization to establish a Working Group on International Legal Issues Concerning Cyber Space. China also hosted the Second World Internet Conference.
（五）海上安全合作。2015年是中國—東盟海洋合作年，海洋合作是建設(shè)“21世紀(jì)海上絲綢之路”的重點領(lǐng)域，中國與東盟國家在海上安全、科研環(huán)保等領(lǐng)域開展一系列交流合作活動。中國與泰國共同實施安達(dá)曼海科學(xué)考察，成功舉行中泰海洋領(lǐng)域合作聯(lián)委會第四次會議。與馬來西亞簽署《關(guān)于建立中馬聯(lián)合海洋研究中心的諒解備忘錄》。中國與印尼海洋與氣候中心和聯(lián)合海洋觀測站建設(shè)工作有序開展。成功舉辦第三屆中國－東南亞國家海洋科研與環(huán)保合作論壇。
5. Cooperation on Maritime Security
The year 2015 was the year of China-ASEAN maritime cooperation. Maritime cooperation is a key part of building the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road. China and the ASEAN countries conducted a series of exchanges and cooperative events on maritime security, scientific research and environmental protection. China and Thailand conducted a scientific expedition in the Andaman Sea, and held the Fourth Joint Committee Meeting on Marine Cooperation. China and Malaysia signed the Memorandum of Understanding on the Establishment of the China-Malaysia Joint Oceanographic Research Center. The construction of the China-Indonesia Center for the Oceans and Climate, and the Joint Oceanic Observation Station proceeded in an orderly way. The Third China-Southeast Asian Countries Marine Research and Environmental Protection Cooperation Forum was also held.
中國積極參與和推動海上安全對話合作。2015年以來，舉辦亞太海事局長會議、北太平洋地區(qū)海岸警備執(zhí)法機(jī)構(gòu)論壇“執(zhí)法協(xié)作2015”多任務(wù)演練、亞太航標(biāo)管理人員培訓(xùn)班、亞太地區(qū)大規(guī)模海上人命救助（MRO）培訓(xùn)及桌面演習(xí)等項目。中國繼續(xù)與澳大利亞、馬來西亞配合，推進(jìn)馬航MH370客機(jī)搜尋工作，并提供2000萬澳元用于后續(xù)搜救。積極支持《亞洲地區(qū)反海盜及武裝劫船合作協(xié)定》（ReCAAP）“信息分享中心”能力建設(shè)和發(fā)展，向“中心”派駐中國海警職員。2016年6月，應(yīng)越南請求，中國出動艦艇及飛機(jī)協(xié)助搜救越方失事飛機(jī)和機(jī)組成員。2008年12月至2016年1月，前往亞丁灣、索馬里海域執(zhí)行護(hù)航任務(wù)的中國海軍護(hù)航編隊共完成909批6112艘中外船舶的護(hù)航任務(wù)。
China has actively participated in and advanced dialogues and cooperation on maritime security. Since 2015, China has hosted the Asia-Pacific Heads of Maritime Administrations Conference, the multi-task exercise “Cooperation for Law Enforcement 2015” of the North Pacific Coast Guard Agencies Forum, International Training Course for Lighthouse Management Personnel in the Asia-Pacific Area and the Asia-Pacific Mass Rescue Operation Training Course and Tabletop Exercise. China has continued its cooperation with Australia and Malaysia in the search for Malaysian Airlines Flight MH370, and provided 20 million Australian dollars for follow-up search-and-rescue efforts in this regard.
China has vigorously supported the capacity building and development of the Information Sharing Center (ISC) under the Regional Cooperation Agreement on Combating Piracy and Armed Robbery, and accredited maritime police officers to the ISC. In June 2016, as requested by Vietnam, China dispatched vessels and airplanes to assist in searching for and rescuing Vietnamese airplanes which had crashed, along with their crew members. From December 2008 to January 2016, Chinese fleets sent to the Gulf of Aden and Somali waters as escorts conducted 909 missions, escorting 6,112 Chinese and foreign civilian vessels.
（六）防擴(kuò)散與裁軍合作。中國一貫積極支持和參與國際軍控、裁軍與防擴(kuò)散努力，主張全面禁止和徹底銷毀核武器。中國積極推動全面落實《不擴(kuò)散核武器條約》歷次審議大會成果，建設(shè)性參加了《條約》第九次審議大會及五核國履行《條約》會議。中國愿與各方一道，為全面、平衡推進(jìn)《條約》確立的核不擴(kuò)散、核裁軍、和平利用核能三大支柱作出不懈努力。
6. Cooperation in Non-Proliferation and Disarmament
China supports and takes an active part in international arms control, disarmament and non-proliferation efforts, and stands for the complete prohibition and thorough destruction of nuclear weapons. China has earnestly implemented the outcomes of all the review conferences of the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT), and played a constructive role in the Ninth NPT review conference and the P5 Conference on Implementing the NPT. China stands ready to work with all parties through unremitting efforts to achieve the three NPT goals of “nuclear non-proliferation and disarmament, and peaceful use of nuclear power.”
中國認(rèn)為,建立東南亞無核武器區(qū)對促進(jìn)本地區(qū)及世界的和平與安全具有重要意義，始終堅定支持東盟國家建立東南亞無核武器區(qū)的努力，支持《東南亞無核武器區(qū)條約》議定書早日簽署并生效。中國與東盟已解決所有議定書遺留問題，中國愿早日簽署議定書。中國將繼續(xù)以建設(shè)性姿態(tài)參與東盟和五核國磋商進(jìn)程，推動?xùn)|盟和其他四核國協(xié)商解決分歧，為議定書早日簽署和生效作出努力。
China holds that establishing a Southeast Asia Nuclear-Weapons-Free Zone is of great significance for promoting regional and global peace and stability. China supports the efforts of ASEAN countries to establish a Southeast Asia Nuclear-Weapons-Free Zone, and stands for the early signing and going into effect of the protocol to the Treaty on the Southeast Asia Nuclear-Weapons-Free Zone. China has solved all the remaining issues concerning the protocol with ASEAN, and looks forward to the signing of the protocol at an early date. China will continue to participate constructively in consultation between ASEAN and the five nuclear countries, and facilitate consultation between ASEAN and the other four nuclear countries to resolve their differences so that the protocol can be signed and come into effect at an early date.
中國一貫主張全面禁止和徹底銷毀包括化學(xué)武器在內(nèi)的一切大規(guī)模殺傷性武器，反對任何人發(fā)展、保留或使用化學(xué)武器，支持《禁止化學(xué)武器公約》的宗旨、目標(biāo)和禁止化學(xué)武器組織的工作，全面、忠實履行公約的各項義務(wù)。中國高度重視并支持在公約框架下開展國際交流與合作。
China stands for the complete prohibition and thorough destruction of all weapons of mass destruction, including chemical weapons, opposes the development, stockpiling and use of chemical weapons by any one, and supports the purposes and goals of the Convention on the Prohibition of the Development, Production, Stockpiling and Use of Chemical Weapons and on Their Destruction, and the work of the Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW). China is earnest in fulfilling its obligations under the Chemical Weapons Convention in its entirety, and attaches great importance to and supports international exchanges and cooperation under the convention.
2015年，中國與禁化武組織聯(lián)合舉辦亞洲地區(qū)第13屆國家履約機(jī)構(gòu)會議、化武援助與防護(hù)高級培訓(xùn)班，與聯(lián)合國安理會1540委員會合辦“亞太地區(qū)防擴(kuò)散國家聯(lián)絡(luò)點培訓(xùn)班”。派代表出席亞太地區(qū)高級別防擴(kuò)散對話會、東盟地區(qū)論壇防擴(kuò)散會間會等活動。
In 2015, China held the 13th Regional Meeting of National Authorities of Asian State Parties to the Convention on the Prohibition of the Development, Production, Stockpiling and Use of Chemical Weapons and on Their Destruction, hosted the Advanced Protection and Assistance Course with the OPCW, and held the Training Course on National Points of Contacts of States in the Asia-Pacific Region together with the UN Security Council 1540 Committee. China also participated in the Asian Senior-Level Talks on Non-Proliferation, ARF Inter-Sessional Workshop on Non-Proliferation, and other related events.
結(jié)束語
Conclusion
中國人民正在為實現(xiàn)中華民族偉大復(fù)興的中國夢而奮斗。在此過程中，中國將為亞太地區(qū)帶來更多的合作機(jī)遇和發(fā)展紅利。中國的發(fā)展是世界和平力量的增長。中國將堅定不移地走和平發(fā)展道路，堅持與鄰為善、以鄰為伴，堅持睦鄰、安鄰、富鄰，堅持親、誠、惠、容的理念，始終致力于維護(hù)和促進(jìn)亞太的繁榮穩(wěn)定。中國愿同地區(qū)國家一道，堅持合作共贏，扎實推進(jìn)亞太安全對話合作，促進(jìn)新型國際關(guān)系建設(shè)，共同開創(chuàng)亞太地區(qū)更加美好的發(fā)展前景。
The Chinese people are working hard to realize the Chinese Dream of the great renewal of the Chinese nation. In this process, China will bring greater opportunities and benefits for development and cooperation in the Asia-Pacific region. China’s development adds to the momentum for world peace. China will firmly follow the path of peaceful development and the policy of “building friendship and partnership with neighboring countries” to create an amicable, secure and prosperous neighborhood. China remains committed to the principles of amity, sincerity, mutual benefit and inclusiveness in conducting neighborhood diplomacy and the goal of maintaining and promoting stability and prosperity in the Asia-Pacific region. China stands ready to work with all countries in the region to pursue mutually beneficial cooperation and steadily advance security dialogues and cooperation in the Asia-Pacific region, and the building of a new model of international relations so as to create a brighter future for this region.
