（一）英譯漢
請(qǐng)將下列文章編譯成一篇不超過(guò)800字的漢語(yǔ)文章。
Five things to know about the Iran-Saudi deal brokered by China
A major breakthrough in international diplomacy was announced Friday when Saudi Arabia and Iran revealed that they had agreed to resume normalized relations in a deal brokered by China.
The countries announced the deal in a joint statement, saying Iran and Saudi Arabia, the two largest Middle Eastern nations by area, will resume diplomatic relations and each reopen embassies in the other country within two months.
The plan will return Saudi Arabia and Iran to normalized relations after the kingdom cut ties with the other nation in 2016, and will likely have lasting effects throughout the Middle East and the rest of the world.
Here are five things to know about the Chinese-brokered deal between Saudi Arabia and Iran:
It reduces tensions in the Middle East between two regional powers
Iran and Saudi Arabia may have only officially broken off diplomatic relations in 2016, but tensions between the two countries are deeply rooted in history and religion.
Saudi Arabia has historically followed the Sunni branch of Islam, while Iran has followed the Shia branch. The split between the two branches dates back to the seventh-century, when it arose amid debates over who the rightful successor to the Prophet Mohammed was, according to the nonpartisan think tank Council on Foreign Relations.
In a more recent source of tension, the Iranian Revolution in 1979 brought Ruhollah Khomeini to power, and he ruled as ayatollah, bringing together government and religious leadership under Shia Islam. The new Iranian government began supporting Shiite groups in other countries in the region, while Saudi Arabia was prompted by the revolution to strengthen its Sunni connections, according to the council.
Since then, Iran and Saudi Arabia have not directly fought each other but have engaged in a series of proxy conflicts.
Saudi Arabia supported Iraq during its war with Iran in the 1980s. In more recent years, Iran has supported the regime of Syrian President Bashar al-Assad, who is a member of a sect that arose from Shia Islam, while Saudi Arabia has supported rebels seeking to overthrow him in the Sunni-majority country. Saudi Arabia has also supported a Sunni government in exile in the civil war in Yemen, while Iran has backed the Houthi rebels, who are Shia.
As Saudi Arabia and Iran improve their ties, the normalization of their relations could impact these conflicts, too.
It demonstrates China’s growing influence on the world stage
Another factor of the deal in addition to the agreement itself is the fact that China was the one responsible for moderating it. The agreement came after four days of previously undisclosed talks in Beijing.
The United States has had longstanding but recently tense relations with Saudi Arabia, especially since the 2018 assassination of journalist Jamal Khashoggi, who criticized the Saudi regime. U.S. intelligence assessed in 2021 that Saudi Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman approved an operation to kill or capture Khashoggi.
The U.S. has had fraught relations with Iran for decades since the 1979 Iranian Revolution, making it likely impossible for the U.S. to arrange such a deal between the two Middle Eastern powers.
China has meanwhile bought substantial amounts of oil from Saudi Arabia and stayed close to Iran.
Some international affairs experts have said the agreement signals China is getting more involved in diplomatic engagement of the Middle East.
It could complicate normalization of Saudi-Israeli relations
Another international agreement that could be brewing is one to normalize relations between Saudi Arabia and Israel, but the Saudi government’s deal with Iran could make accomplishing that more difficult.
Israel has recently increased its ties to several of its Arab neighbors, in large part through the 2019 Abraham Accords that saw Israel normalize relations with the United Arab Emirates and Bahrain. Sudan and Morocco soon after followed in establishing diplomatic relations with Israel.
Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu has indicated that he wants to secure normalized relations with Saudi Arabia, but Iran has long been an adversary of Israel.
Israel has been one of the fiercest critics of Iran and its nuclear program, with its government under Netanyahu opposing the 2015 nuclear deal that saw restrictions placed on the program in exchange for the U.S. lifting sanctions on the Iranian regime.
The closer ties between Saudi Arabia, with whom Israel wants a better relationship, and Iran, one of its top adversaries, could make a deal more complicated.
People familiar with ongoing discussions told The New York Times that Saudi Arabia has laid out its demands for recognizing Israel, which include a security pledge from the U.S., the development of a civilian nuclear program and reduced restrictions on U.S. arms sales.
President Biden seemed to declare support for the Saudi-Iranian deal in comments Friday, saying that “Better relations between Israel and their Arab neighbors are better for everybody.”
It may bolster Assad’s government in Syrian Civil War
The Syrian government applauded the deal between Saudi Arabia and Iran after it was announced, saying that it would help bring stability to the Middle East.
The agreement could give a strategic advantage to Assad’s regime as he tries to stay in power amid an ongoing and lengthy civil war.
Fighting broke out in 2011 in the country following Assad’s strong and violent crackdown on protests during the Arab Spring. The war has become a multi-sided conflict and a proxy war between Iran, supporting Assad, and Saudi Arabia, supporting the rebels.
Countries tried to isolate Syria following its violent response to the protests, suspending the country from the Arab League, but the Syrian Foreign Ministry said a consensus is “growing” among Arab countries that isolating Syria is not working and that engagement is necessary.
Assad’s forces have meanwhile been able to recapture most major cities and hold most of the country, though rebel groups still hold a portion. Some experts and officials have said only a political solution can end the conflict, but any pullback in support of the rebels by Saudi Arabia following the deal with Iran could help Assad close in on retaining power.
It could help lead to end of the war in Yemen
The civil war in Yemen has been the other major still-ongoing conflict that has seen Saudi Arabia and Iran engage in a proxy battle.
Both the Yemini government and the Houthi rebels have claimed to be the legitimate authority in Yemen. The war has caused a massive humanitarian crisis as tens of thousands of people have been killed and millions have been suffering from hunger and illness.
The war has waged on for more than eight years, but much of the international community has signaled an interest in bringing it to an end. Former Yemini President Abdrabbuh Mansur Hadi stepped down from office last year to transition the government to a council that could find a political solution to the conflict.
Saudi officials have also pushed for ending the war and said earlier this year that progress was being made.
Some members of Congress have also advocated for a war powers resolution to end U.S. support for the Saudi intervention in Yemen. Biden ended U.S. assistance to Saudi-led offensives in the country in 2021, but the U.S. still sells arms for the conflict and shares intelligence.
The two key backers of the sides in the conflict, Saudi Arabia and Iran, agreeing to normalized relations could help the government and rebels reach an accord to end the violence.
參考譯文
關(guān)于沙伊協(xié)議需要了解的五件事
周五，國(guó)際外交局勢(shì)出現(xiàn)重大突破。沙特和伊朗發(fā)表了一份聯(lián)合聲明，表示同意在中國(guó)斡旋下簽訂協(xié)議，恢復(fù)關(guān)系正?；?。聯(lián)合聲明中稱兩國(guó)將在兩個(gè)月內(nèi)恢復(fù)外交關(guān)系，并重新開放駐對(duì)方國(guó)家大使館。沙伊兩國(guó)于2016年斷交，此次復(fù)交可能會(huì)對(duì)中東和全世界產(chǎn)生下列持久影響。
緩解兩國(guó)之間的緊張局勢(shì)
伊朗和沙特兩國(guó)之間關(guān)系緊張與歷史和宗教原因有關(guān)。沙特和伊朗分別屬于遜尼派和什葉派。
1979年，伊朗革命領(lǐng)袖魯霍拉·霍梅尼（Ruhollah Khomeini）掌權(quán)，并以阿亞圖拉（什葉派高級(jí)神職人員的尊稱）的身份實(shí)施統(tǒng)治。新政府上臺(tái)后，開始支持中東地區(qū)其他國(guó)家的什葉派團(tuán)體，而沙特則加強(qiáng)其與遜尼派的聯(lián)系。此后，兩國(guó)卷入了一系列代理人沖突，而兩國(guó)關(guān)系的改善會(huì)對(duì)這些沖突產(chǎn)生影響。
中國(guó)在世界舞臺(tái)上的影響與日俱增
2018年沙特記者賈邁勒·卡舒吉（Jamal Khashoggi）被暗殺后，美國(guó)與沙特的關(guān)系趨于緊張。自1979年伊朗革命以來(lái)，美國(guó)與伊朗關(guān)系惡化，導(dǎo)致其無(wú)法安排沙伊兩國(guó)舉行會(huì)談。
而中國(guó)從沙特購(gòu)買了大量石油，同時(shí)與伊朗保持密切聯(lián)系，因此有機(jī)會(huì)促成雙方會(huì)談。一些國(guó)際事務(wù)專家表示，沙伊協(xié)議標(biāo)志著中國(guó)正在加大參與中東外交接觸的力度。
可能導(dǎo)致沙以關(guān)系正常化更加復(fù)雜
以色列總理本雅明·內(nèi)塔尼亞胡（Benjamin Netanyahu）近期表示，希望與沙特實(shí)現(xiàn)關(guān)系正?；?，但伊朗一直都是以色列的對(duì)手，而以色列是伊朗及其核計(jì)劃最嚴(yán)厲的譴責(zé)者之一。沙伊兩國(guó)加強(qiáng)聯(lián)系，可能會(huì)使沙特—以色列關(guān)系正常化更加復(fù)雜。
可能有助于阿薩德政府掌權(quán)
敘利亞政府對(duì)沙伊協(xié)議表示贊同，稱其將有助于中東穩(wěn)定。阿拉伯之春期間，敘利亞內(nèi)戰(zhàn)成為支持阿薩德的伊朗與支持反政府武裝的沙特之間的代理戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)。但在沙伊兩國(guó)達(dá)成協(xié)議后，若沙特減少對(duì)敘利亞叛軍的支持，可能會(huì)有助于阿薩德繼續(xù)執(zhí)政。
可能有助于結(jié)束也門內(nèi)戰(zhàn)
也門內(nèi)戰(zhàn)是沙特和伊朗之間的另一場(chǎng)代理人戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)。如果沖突雙方的主要支持者，即沙特和伊朗實(shí)現(xiàn)關(guān)系正?；梢詭椭查T政府軍和胡塞叛軍達(dá)成協(xié)議，結(jié)束也門內(nèi)戰(zhàn)。
（二）漢譯英
請(qǐng)將下列文章編譯成一篇不超過(guò)600詞的英語(yǔ)文章。
賡續(xù)傳統(tǒng)友誼 共創(chuàng)美好未來(lái)
5月18日至19日，習(xí)近平主席將在陜西西安主持召開中國(guó)—中亞峰會(huì)，中亞五國(guó)元首將來(lái)華參會(huì)。這是今年中國(guó)首場(chǎng)重大主場(chǎng)外交活動(dòng)。賡續(xù)傳統(tǒng)友誼，共創(chuàng)美好未來(lái)，中國(guó)同中亞國(guó)家攜手應(yīng)對(duì)挑戰(zhàn)，推進(jìn)務(wù)實(shí)合作，積極構(gòu)建更加緊密的中國(guó)—中亞命運(yùn)共同體。
就在上個(gè)月，為紀(jì)念“一帶一路”十周年特別開行的中歐班列“一帶一路”十周年長(zhǎng)安號(hào)西安—中亞專列從西安國(guó)際港務(wù)區(qū)發(fā)車。10年來(lái)，長(zhǎng)安號(hào)累計(jì)開行超過(guò)1.6萬(wàn)列。其中，中亞五國(guó)開行量達(dá)到4250列，為促進(jìn)中國(guó)同中亞互聯(lián)互通與經(jīng)貿(mào)合作發(fā)揮重要作用。
從古絲綢之路上的“駝鈴陣陣”，到如今在亞歐大陸奔馳不息的“鋼鐵駝隊(duì)”，傳承千年友誼，中國(guó)同中亞國(guó)家的交往合作不斷書寫著新的傳奇。
2022年1月，習(xí)近平主席在北京主持中國(guó)同中亞五國(guó)建交30周年視頻峰會(huì)。在中方積極倡議下，六國(guó)決心打造中國(guó)—中亞命運(yùn)共同體，為未來(lái)合作開辟蓬勃發(fā)展的廣闊前景。一周后，中亞五國(guó)元首齊聚北京，共赴“冬奧之約”。同年9月，習(xí)近平主席再次同中亞國(guó)家領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人分別會(huì)晤。在元首外交的戰(zhàn)略引領(lǐng)下，中國(guó)同中亞五國(guó)始終堅(jiān)持相互尊重、睦鄰友好、同舟共濟(jì)、互利共贏，實(shí)現(xiàn)全面戰(zhàn)略伙伴關(guān)系全覆蓋、簽署共建“一帶一路”合作文件全覆蓋，走出了一條睦鄰友好、合作共贏的新路，成為構(gòu)建新型國(guó)際關(guān)系的典范。
2013年，習(xí)近平主席在哈薩克斯坦納扎爾巴耶夫大學(xué)演講時(shí)提出“絲綢之路經(jīng)濟(jì)帶”倡議。10年來(lái)，中亞國(guó)家積極推進(jìn)共建“一帶一路”倡議同本國(guó)發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略對(duì)接，讓合作成果廣泛惠及地區(qū)各國(guó)人民。
中吉烏公路打通跨越高山、暢通無(wú)阻的國(guó)際運(yùn)輸大動(dòng)脈；烏茲別克斯坦“安格連—帕普”鐵路隧道徹底改變了上千萬(wàn)人的出行方式；杜尚別熱電廠的建成，讓塔吉克斯坦首都冬季缺電成為歷史；中國(guó)—中亞天然氣管道將土庫(kù)曼斯坦等國(guó)的天然氣輸送到中國(guó)。同時(shí)，越來(lái)越多來(lái)自中亞的優(yōu)質(zhì)商品也走進(jìn)中國(guó)百姓的日常生活。
2022年，中國(guó)與中亞五國(guó)貿(mào)易額達(dá)到702億美元，創(chuàng)歷史新高。今年1—3月，中國(guó)與中亞五國(guó)貿(mào)易額同比增長(zhǎng)22%，發(fā)展勢(shì)頭強(qiáng)勁。
今年4月，由中國(guó)與中亞五國(guó)共建的絲綢之路考古合作研究中心揭牌成立。從互派留學(xué)生到舉辦文化藝術(shù)節(jié)，從開設(shè)培訓(xùn)專業(yè)人才的魯班工坊到應(yīng)對(duì)新冠疫情時(shí)的守望相助，秉持和平合作、開放包容、互學(xué)互鑒、互利共贏的絲路精神，中國(guó)同中亞國(guó)家的傳統(tǒng)友誼在交流互動(dòng)中不斷深化。
安全是發(fā)展的前提。面對(duì)復(fù)雜多變的地區(qū)安全形勢(shì)，中國(guó)同中亞五國(guó)踐行共同、綜合、合作、可持續(xù)的新安全觀，聯(lián)手打擊“三股勢(shì)力”和跨國(guó)有組織犯罪、販毒。中方提出的全球安全倡議，得到中亞國(guó)家積極響應(yīng)和支持。
攜手應(yīng)對(duì)冷戰(zhàn)思維、霸權(quán)主義等挑戰(zhàn)，中國(guó)同中亞五國(guó)堅(jiān)定支持彼此捍衛(wèi)自身核心利益，共同捍衛(wèi)多邊主義，不斷加強(qiáng)在聯(lián)合國(guó)、上海合作組織、亞信等多邊機(jī)制內(nèi)的密切協(xié)調(diào)配合。
中國(guó)—中亞峰會(huì)即將在西安舉行。西安的市花是石榴花，原產(chǎn)于中亞的石榴象征著和諧與團(tuán)結(jié)。在古絲綢之路的起點(diǎn)，中國(guó)與中亞五國(guó)將通過(guò)此次峰會(huì)向世界展現(xiàn)中國(guó)中亞合作的高水平，開啟雙方合作新時(shí)代。
參考譯文
Carrying Forward Our Millennia-old Friendship and Jointly Creating a Better Future
President Xi Jinping will host the China-Central Asia Summit in Xi’an, Shaanxi Province from May 18 to 19. Heads of state of five Central Asian countries will personally attend this first major diplomatic event to be held in China in 2023, in order to jointly meet challenges, advance practical cooperation and build a closer China-Central Asia community of shared future.
Last month, to mark the 10th anniversary of the Belt and Road Initiative, the “Chang’an” special freight train of the China-Europe Railway Express from Xi’an to Central Asia departed from the Xi’an International Trade & Logistics Park. Over the past ten years, this freight train has made more than 16,000 trips, among which 4,250 trips were made between China and the five Central Asian countries, which are vital role in promoting connectivity and economic and trade cooperation between China and Central Asia and renewing their millennium-old friendship.
In January 2022, President Xi Jinping hosted a virtual summit to mark the 30th anniversary of the diplomatic ties between China and these countries in Beijing. At this summit, the six countries decided to build a China-Central Asia community of shared future under China’s proposal. Xi Jinping and the heads of state of Central Asia countries met again one week after the summit and also in September 2022. China and the five Central Asian countries have become the example of a new model of international relations based on the principles of mutual respect, good neighborhood, solidarity, mutual benefit and win-win results.
China has enhanced its relationship with these countries. It was at Kazakhstan’s Nazarbayev University where President Xi Jinping put forward the “Silk Road Economic Belt” initiative in 2013. Other examples of cooperation include the China-Kyrgyzstan-Uzbekistan highway that runs across the Tianshan Mountains, the Angren-Pop railway line in Uzbekistan that has changed the travel mode of millions of people, the Dushanbe thermal power plant that has ended the city’s power shortage in winter, and the China-Central Asia natural gas pipeline that transports natural gas from Turkmenistan and other countries to China. The trade volume between China and these countries reached a record high of $70.2 billion in 2022 and showed a year-on-year increase of 22% from January to March 2023.
China and Central Asian countries have enhanced their friendship through the inauguration of the Collaborative Research Center for Archaeology of the Silk Roads in April this year, the exchange of international students, the convening of cultural and art events, the opening of vocational training workshops and mutual assistance in response to COVID-19.
Under the new security outlook, China and the five Central Asian countries have cooperated in fighting against terrorism, separatism and extremism, as well as transnational organized crimes and drug trafficking and strengthened cooperation at the United Nations, the Shanghai Cooperation Organization, the Conference on Interaction and Confidence-Building Measures in Asia, and other multilateral systems to deal with the cold war mentality and hegemonism and safeguard their own interests and multilateralism.
The upcoming China-Central Asia Summit to be held in Xi’an, the starting point of the ancient silk road, will demonstrate the high-level cooperation between China and Central Asian countries and usher in a new era of bilateral cooperation.
